Change Management: Ongc Ltd

stir anxiety Ongc Ltd remove is a very necessary aspect of gentlemans gentleman life. One of the few things which prevail a real permanence in this world is inter swop. Different types of falsifys occur, such as seasonal repositions, pitchs in record and behavior of human macrocosms, alters in their biological and physical systems, organisational changes and so forth Here, the main concern of the study is what governingal change is and how it should be shared? What ar reasons or ca applys of change and what is the re natural process towards it? The meaning of word change is, when at that place is an alteration in the system whether physical, biological or social. Hence musical arrangemental change refers to, the alteration of work surroundings or work conditions in the organization. It whitethorn include different components of the organization such as change in technology, organization structure and human body, people work in the organization etcetera(Prasad L.M., 2007).What is modify Management?Change coifment is k directlyn as the institute of developing a be after approach to adapt to the changes in the organization. It is the mutation of an organization or individuals, groups or groups in an organization to reach from a current state to a future state for development and improve performance (Tromley C., Mainiero L.A., 2004). The main aim of this organizational accomplish is to make the employees gain the vastness of change according to the rapidly changing business surround and accept it with open minds. This exit reduce the risk of failure in implementing the changes in the organization. Though this is very much not possible because every epoch when there is a change people always have impedance towards it. It is the human tendency that nobody wants to accept change which consequently makes it principal(prenominal) to understand the reasons behind it and manage it by reducing bulwark towards it. Change is often r esisted by the employees because it disturbs their set r egressines and set vernal avenues to assume which around of the employees do not want (McCrimonn M., 2008). Change may be mean or unplanned. If the change is sudden because of near external forces such as scientific changes or change in the political or sound environment and hence the organization members has to adopt it forcefully alone if the change is done by planning salubrious in advance no matter of the pressure of external or internal forces then it is c aloneed as planned change, which is important to improve the ability of employees to adapt changes in the environment as well as their behavior (Planned Change, 2009, knol.google.com)Change Management in overt Sector organizationsThe current business environment is changing at a very fast pace and all organizations whether private or in the popular eye(predicate) are experiencing the impacts of change. It is important for these organizations to understand the piece of change management and how to practically implement it (How to Manage Change, 2009,). Public field organizations are often sensed to be resistant towards change because of the reason to seek the ability to do things rather than doing those things in a different or changed manner. The changes in the socio-economic, political, court-ordered and technological environment has a major impact on the cosmos sphere organizations as it the implementation of these changes is a time consuming assist. These crystallise initiatives have made the development of new approaches in the public sector resulting in the introduction of Business act Re-engineering, new business models, team building and leadership programmes, amend project management etc. This all involves changes in the mindset of the employees which implies the importance of change management in the public sector organizations (UNDP Capacity Development Resource, 2006). Apart from these changes in the external envi ronment the changes in the public sector organizations is mainly due the pressure of the politics and global trends. Though the forces or elements of change are almost selfsame(prenominal) in the public and private sector organizations the implementation is far more(prenominal) difficult in public sector. This is due to the different orientation in the values and objectives of both the sectors. The effectiveness of change is dependent on the tabucomes which are expected from the change programme (Osborne P.S., Brown K., 2005).2.3 Importance of Change ManagementChange management plays an important role in the organization as bringing change means making alteration in the magisterial and planned routine. The task of bringing about change in the organization is not that easy as it involves changing the mindset of individuals and their attitudes towards a crabby objective. Changes can be brought about in the organization externally or internally. The process of bringing about chan ge allows the organization to pay up a proactive or reactive or reactive response in a particular situation (Role of Change Management in an Organization, managementhub.com, 2009). The process of change involves the following stepsIdentify the need or sine qua non of change in the organizationDesigning the specific requirements to fulfill the inevitably make the employees understand that why change is required and what is its importanceMaking changes in the organizational processes to incorporate the changesBy following these steps in an organization it can be ensured that the change management strategies will be effective in long run and servicing in improved organizational performance (Mateco, 2008)2.4 About ONGCOil and Natural Gas conjunction Limited (ONGC) was set up as a Commission on August 14, 1956. The lodge was given its corporate identity on June 23, 1993, which has now grown into a full-fledged horizontally integrated petroleum compevery. nowadays, ONGC is a flagsh ip public sector enterprise and Indias highest remuneration making corporate, achieving the record of creation the freshman Indian corporate to register a five trope profit figure of Rs. 10,529 Crore in the year 2002-03.ONGC has produced more than 600 million measured tonnes of crude oil and supplied more than 200 billion cubic metres of bodge since its inception, thus fuelling the increasing energy requirements of the Indian economy. Today, ONGC is the most valuable company in India, contributing 77 percent of Indias crude oil employment and 81 per cent of Indias natural bollocks up production.To sustain this growth, ONGC has drawn up ambitious strategic objectives, which include doubling the oil and gas reserves. Having accreted sextette billion tonnes oil and oil equivalent reserves in its first 45 years of operation, ONGC now aims to double these reserves by 2020. The endorsement strategic objective is to augment the global recovery factor from the existent 28 per cent to the global norm of 40 per cent in next 20 years.Out of the six billion tonnes of oil and gas reserve accretion, four billion tonnes is expected to come from Offshore and boneheaded Waters. To improve the recovery factor from the existing fields, ONGC is investing Rs. 2,000 crore in 15 re-development schemes. 2.5 Corporate RankingRanked 326th in Financial Times spheric 500 List by foodstuff cap first among Indian CorporatesRanked 133rd in Forbes 400 Top Global Corporates by market cap first among Indian CorporatesRanked maiden in sparing Times 500 Corporate List by net profit and market capRanked 1st in Business Today 500 List by net profitRanked 1st in Business Today-Stern Stewart Study of 500 Indian Corporates for highest-ever Market measure out Added (MVA). ONGC is the only PSU which has both MVA and EVA positive. 3. Aims and objectives of the StudyThe aim of this study is to understand the sentiment of organizational change, forces of change in the organization and how manage that change and overcoming resistivity of the employees in context to the ONGC Ltd. which is a PSU. Change management plays an important role in the Indian organizations because if there would be no change then the growth trajectory of any organization will run low ceaseless and progress of the employees would be restricted what they had learnt in the past. So, this study will help to understand the importance of change management in the public sector organizations and the effective approaches to manage those changes.3.1 AimTo understand the change management approaches being implemented in ONGC and help in overcoming the resistance towrads change.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study areTo understand the forces of change in public sector organizations.To analyze the mingled factors causing changes.To study the reasons of resistance towards change.To suggest measures for overcoming resistance towards change.To study the importance of change managementTo suggest prevalent approaches of change management4. inspection of LiteratureWhat Is Organizational Change Management?The concept of organizational change refers to the organization as a whole rather than making small changes such as adding a new employee, modifying a programme or a schedule. The examples of organizational change may include change in mission, restricting or reforming of operations or management, some major technological changes, changes in government rule and policies etc (McNamara C, 2005). According to Newstrom and Davis change in any part or function of the organization brings about a high-power change in the whole organization. It tends to disturb the old equilibrium necessitating the mountain up of a new one. The type of new equilibrium depends on the degree of change and its impact on the organization. It is a continuous process which requires subsequent changes in whole organization (Prasad L.M., 2007). The changes could be due to some external or internal factors because of the dynamic business environment. The forces of change areNature of the workforceTechnologyEconomic and Social Environment governmental and Legal environmentGlobalizationCompetitionSuccessful change moldiness be brought about by top management and to manage these activities a change agent plays an important role. A change agent could be a manager or a non manager and his responsibility is to try the change into a plan and carry out the plan. If the change is carried out in a team or a group the resistance would be low and chances of acceptance would be high (Robbins S. P., guess T., 2008).4.2 confrontation to ChangeWhenever change is initiated, both the managers as well as employees react to it. Though human reaction to change depends on the outcome of change, but the attitude of people play an important role in find out it. on that point are possibilities of either accepting the change, being indifferent towards it or a strong resistance to change. People normally resist t o change because they perceive that change as a threat or incur difficult to cope with it (Kotelnikov V., 2001). Sometimes resistance to change is good because if there would be no resistance and employees will accept the change then the changes of progress in an organization would reduce. At the initial phase of change, employees may react differently. Sometimes the resistance is instant and spontaneous. It easy for the management to mitt with this type of resistance. Implicit or slow resistance is difficult to manage because it may have different after effect. The employees may leave the organization, become less committed towards the work, lack of motivation may occur which sometimes becomes difficult to recognize (Robbins S. P., Judge T., 2008). Overcoming the resistance to change can be brought about by seven ways in an organization instruction and communicationParticipationBuilding support and commitmentNegotiationusage and cooptationSelecting people who accept changeCoerci on (12manage.com, six change approaches)Approaches to Change ManagementThere are various approaches adopted by organizations to manage change. Some of them areLewins three step model In a model suggested by Lewin he has given three steps of change unfreezing the status quo, movement to a desired end state and refreezing i.e., new change to make it permanent.Kotters eight step plan Based on Lewin three step model Kotter has suggested an eight step plan for implementing change.activeness interrogation It refers to a change process based on the magisterial collection of data and then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicates.Organization development It is a collection of planned change interventions build on humanistic egalitarian values, that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well being. The six interventions utilise in OD areSensitivity trainingSurvey feedbackProcess consultationTeam buildingIntergroup developmentAppreciati ve inquiry (Robbins S. P., Judge T., 2008).5. Research Methodologyselective information collection methods alternate ResearchSecondary search is the data compile from substitute(prenominal) sources like Online Web Portals, Magazines and make Journals, among many others. The review of literature is a comprehensive analysis of the interrogation already collected on the concerned topics. While collecting the secondary data, we will ensure the followingReliabilitySuitabilityAdequacy primitive(a) ResearchPrimary research is the collection of data that is not already available. The process is designed to serve a specific set of objectives usable for the study. The data is collected through various methods such as interviews, accent groups, questionnaires, online surveys, etc.For this study, we have chosen suitable methods of primary research to learn about the objectives of the studyQuantitative ResearchIt refers to the data that is numerical, and can be measured and expressed in terms of come. The most popular form of quantitative research is the questionnaire/survey method.The survey will be conducted with the employees operative in ONGC Ltd.Research DesignThe study will be searching as well as descriptive in nature. ingest designTarget communityThe target population in this research refers to the employees working in ONGC. The respondents can be of any gender and any income level.Sampling unitThe sampling unit is ONGC Ltd.Sampling methodFor this research we use non-probability sampling. Zikmund (1997) stated that in non-probability sampling, the probability of any particular member of the population being chosen is unknown. The element in the population does not have any probability attached to their being chosen as sample distribution subjects.Size of Sample SurveyA sample size of 250 respondents will be considered for this study.Sampling planThe data will be collected from employees working in the organization.Questionnaire DesignThe questionnaire will consist of both open-ended and close-ended questions. The questions will be framed to enable respondents answer the questions like an essay. There is no limit on how much the interviewee wants to say on a particular topic.Data Analysis and InterpretationThe data collected from primary research will be analysed and interpreted using Factor Analysis. It is suitable to the study over other tools, becauseIt provides both subjective as well as objective results, of which subjective can be converted into numbers/scoresIt can be used to identify and understand the unnoticeable attributes or constructs which would otherwise (in case of direct analysis) have been unapparentIt is crummy and easier to implement than other tools.6. Significance of the studyThe findings of this study should be useable to the top management of ONGC Ltd. as they would be able to understand the causes and effects of change on the employees and the reasons of resistance towards it. It would be easy for them to understand the predicament of employees while adapting the change in their system and is it really effective or not.The findings of this study should also provide an insight to the employees in finding out ways in coping with change and understanding its importance for their professed(prenominal) growth. Finally, the findings from this study might add some useful information to the research already being conducted in this area which needs to be highlighted so that the employees as well as the management will understand the break-dance approaches to adopt changes and plausible solutions to this problem.7. Limitations of the StudyThe study will be especial(a) to the employees working in ONGC as the researcher is specially focusing on the implementation of change management in public sector organizations. The approaches would be limited to the reasons of changes and then its implementation particularly in ONGC.8. Organization of the melodic themeExplains the chapterisation plan of the actual thesis. It basically consists of five chaptersIntroduction It includes the introduction to change, change management in public sector organizations and it importance.Review of Literature It includes the research on organizational change, forces of change, resistance to change and how to overcome resistance, change agents etc.Research Methodology It includes the research design, sample size, sources of data collection, questionnaire etc.Data Analysis It gives the results and interpretations of the data collected and analyzed from the respondents.Conclusion and Recommendations This chapter will give the conclusions and recommendations which will come from the respondents and strategies which could be employed by the organizations.

Function And Production Of Insulin

Function And Production Of InsulinInsulin is a protein sustaind by isle carrels in the pancreas. Insulin helps military man body regulate glucose in the body. Insulin reduces the employ of fats as energy (gluconeogenesis) by utilizing glucose to produce energy. Patient with diabetes require insulin to keep the argument glucose take aims under control. (1)The falseset printing successful insulin was produced from ox pancreas (bovine insulin). Bovine insulin is similar to charitable insulin however bovine chemical substance composition is slightly different whereforece the body immune system produces antibody to reject bovine insulin. (4)Identical human insulin was produced by recombinant DNA technology, by inserting the insulin gene into a vector to produce human insulin. Production of human insulin by recombinant technology was accomplished and commercialize in 1982 by Genentech and Eli Lilly. (2)FunctionCarbohydrates consumed argon broken down into glucose which then re sides in the blood streams. This causes the body blood glucose (BBG) take to rise. The pancreas senses the rise in BBG level therefore, secretes insulin into the bloodstreams. The cell will absorb the released insulin and bind to it. Cells that be attached with insulin are able to absorb glucose from the bloodstream and turned it into energy. This energy is vital for in the altogether cell createth and repairing damage cells. The main function of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into the body cells and convert glucose into energy. (3)Chosen Host Escherichia coli (E. coli)E. coli was used as a host to produce recombinant insulin since 1982. E. coli was widely used as host for the work of recombinant insulin because it was well studied, many vectors available and good characteristic. (5)E. coli advantages and suitability for producing insulin. (6)Fast growth rate e.g. able to reach optimal yield within hours of induction. efficient to grow and undemanding growt h conditions.Good protein work rate.Can be frozen for storage and thawed immediately for usage.Cellular structureE. coli is a rod- excogitated bacterium measuring 1.8 microns in length and 0.8 microns in width. E. coli incorporate of (7)Inner and outer cell membraneCell wallPeriplasmFlagellaPili cytolChromosomeThe two main structures are cytoplasm and periplasm, where the toil of recombinant insulin usually takes place. (5) structureDetails and functionsCytoplasm (7)The cytoplasm contains most of the major component such as chromosomal DNA, RNA, nucleoid and ribosome.Cytoplasm provides support for the internal structure and provides a culture medium of suspension.Metabolic reaction and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm.Periplasm (7)The periplasm is somewhat 10nm thick.Located between the inner and outer membrane.Periplasm contains 80,000 proteins essential for nutrient binding, enzyme detoxifying and degradative and electron transport.Growth strategy for the produ ction military operationInsulin is produce through transmittable engineering. Firstly the gene producing human insulin is stranded and copied. A circular shape DNA (plasmid) is removed from the bacterium cell, and then development special proteins to impose open the plasmid ring. The insulin gene is inserted into the open plasmid ring and unsympathetic again using special proteins consequently the human insulin gene is without delay combined with the bacterium DNA plasmid. The recombinant plasmid is then inserted into the bacteria cytoplasm using a very small needle syringe. (8) High level protein production often leads to geological formation of inclusion bodies which accumulated through protein folding. (5)The range approach method was used to produce human insulin in recombinant E. coli. two different expression vectors were constructed carrying either insulin A- or B-chain gene fused to a shortened and in supple -interferon gene allowing a stable cytoplasmic production of recombinant insulin in E. coli in the form of inclusion bodies. (2) Recovery of biologically active insulin from inclusion bodies has some advantages for example inclusion bodies accumulates protein in the cytoplasm to a much higher level, inclusion body could initially be isolated in a purified and concentrated state with just centrifugation motion and lowest insulin concentration in E. coli can be increased significantly by high cell assiduousness culture (HCDC). (5)The HCDC technique was used to grow recombinant E. coli in a two stage cyclic fed clasp bioreactor. After the expression system is developed, HCDC is carried out using synthetic medium with glucose as the sole deoxycytidine monophosphate source to increase the recombinant protein concentration. (5) The induction of recombinant protein production was carried out by a temperature shift from 30 to 42oC. Expressions of the A- and B-chain genes are controlled using a strong promoter (bacteriopage lambda) therefore, protein are produce efficiently by temperature shift. (2)The first step of purification to obtain human insulin was to centrifuge the result to isolate the inclusion body. The inclusion bodies were then recovered from the centrifuge go along by dissolving the inclusion bodies using formic acid. Then use cyanogens bromide to cleave the peptide bond by hydrolysing the peptide bond for separation of insulin from the coalition protein partner. Finally the conversion to human insulin is performed by proteolytic removal of the connecting C-peptide and disulfide link. (2)The utmost productivity is achieved when the growth and production phase are separated hence a two stage cyclic fed batch bioreactor is used. The first stage is use to grow the cell to an optimum cell density followed by the second stage where the growth is suppressed by chemical and production of protein is maximize. (5) The cyclic fed batch is used to ensure that toxins and biomass do not accumulate, extend the prod uctive phase, control the growth rate and hone the product synthesis. (9) The by-product produced from the process was monomeric and multimeric forms of A- and B-chain connected by incorrect disulfide bridges. These by-products are collected too undergo sulfitolysis for recycling purposes. (2)How to analyse the growth processOff-line analysis methods were used to analyse the growth process. Samples were taken from the process every 30minute to be used to determine the optical density600, dry cell weight, dissolved atomic number 8 tension and concentration of glucose. Result from the test are compiled and plotted in graphs therefore the growth process could be analysed. (2) accomplishable problems and solutionThe major problem in production of insulin by recombinant E. coli is the quick intracellular degradation of the recombinant protein. Insulin is then produced as a fusion protein with a protein partner that would direct the recombinant gene product towards the formation of inc lusion bodies. (2)proteolytic degradation and over expressing protein can destabilize the protein hence protein are produced in the form of inclusion bodies which are complicated and expensive denaturing and refolding process during the downstream processing. To cover this problem, recombinant protein could be targeted at the periplasm instead of the cytoplasm hence avoided formation of inclusion body. (5)In the process HCDC would cause several problems for example the confinement of dissolved oxygen payable to high cell density and off gas accumulation which reduces the growth rate and enhance formation of acetate acid. The use of different promoters to regulate the level of expression and use of oxygen enriched air would minimize the problem. (5)During the HCDC process, overproduction of recombinant proteins often results in cell filamentation and moribund growth. The filamentation of cells consequently lowers productivity and final cell concentration. The problem could be ove rcome by suppressing the cell filamentation, by co-expressing the E.coli ftsA and ftsZ genes. (5)Escherichia coli limitationsE. coli is not appropriate to produce volumed and complex proteins which contain disulfide bonds or protein that require post translation modification. (5)acetic acid is produce by E. coli when glucose is used as a carbon source. (5)Secretion of protein by E. coli is a complex process often fails due to incomplete translocation across the membrane and insufficient capacity of the export machinery.(10)

Collaborative Working Policies Analysis

cooperative Working Policies AnalysisIntroduction Q1. In this assignment, I give investigate and research policy and legislation surrounding cooperative flow and the demonstrables and negatives. Collaborative guideing is the term used when two or more organizations, agencies or government bodies come unitedly and sh ar noesis and culture to obtain compulsory breakcomes. The focus is to address specific atomic number 18as or strain certain goals for affirmative results. Its how we contrisolelye and interre recently with others to economize a positive and well-managed dish. It is person- give the sacktered and not divine service tail assemblytered which was done in the past when good deal had to raiment around a service, whereas now its the service that ask to fit the single. Collaborative pissing can be achieved in small groups or bigger groups such as health serve working alongside education, complaisant apportion. a smaller group can be local anestheti c anaesthetic wilful groups and community health. The grasp of cooperative working is a way of better and identifying the need for change where it is most needed. Over the years, interest in collaborative working has been growing, driven by the sectors drive for potentness and efficiency, public tactile sensation and government policy www. knowh makeonprofit.org The economical government has recognized that more mustiness be done to tackle health and genial alimony and working with the NHS and local council care operate, in particular, the elderly, to enable them to remain in their make photographic plates and receiving treatment without having to go into hospital. The Scottish government will transfer 107 zillion from the NHS into health and brotherly care partnerships as well as100million to the integrated care fund, this will allow more money to be dog-tired in community and primary services. www.scot.govQ2. Legislation. Public Bodies Joint Working Scotland carry 2014 This act came into incumbrance on April first, 2014.The main purpose was to streng therefore the roles of care workers and clinicians to deliver a service that is person-cantered and to ensure that every separateistic is treated with respect and dignity and meliorate the eudaemonia of the service user. All the Partnerships will be jointly responsible to Local Authorities, Ministers, NHS Board Chairs and the public for delivering the themely agreed outcomes fructify out by the act. www.scot.govPolicy wellness and Wellbeing outcomes policy framework is devise out to improving the graphic symbol of services that are integrated in health and kind care ,ensuring that the all local authorities and local health boards reach a very transparent understanding on each ones reasonability when working as part of an integrated service crossways Scotland and to execute positive improvements so that every individual that uses the health or care setting are given top quality serv ice ensuring their experiences on using these services are positive ones for them and their families. There are nine outcomes that apply to integrated health and social care at present some of these are1. That people are able to improve their own wellbeing and health, live for interminable. 2. health and social care services aim to improve the life and quality of people who use these services.3. Health and social care services contribute to reducing health inequalities4. plurality who use health and social care services suck positive experiences of those services, and pass on their dignity respected www.scot.govThis is only half of what the government proposes to implement to integrated services in health and social care crosswise Scotland.In Scotland when there is a sudden death or inadvertent death there is usually further investigation to determine the lay claim cause and if the death could score been prevented in line with the Fatal Accidents and fulminant Deaths Inquir y (Scotland) Act 1976, for the purpose of this assignment I have chosen the death of Declan HaineyFatal accident inquiry into the death of Declan HaineyDeclan died between 1st July 2009/31st august 2009.he was only 15months old when he was last seen alive, it was another(prenominal) 8 months before his body was discovered in Kimberly Hainey home promenade 2010 His mother Kimberly Hainey was found guilty of his murder, she was charged with murder and neglect, these charges were quashed in April 2013, and Kimberly Hainey was free. www.bbc.uk. news programKimberly was cognise to several agencies before and after the birth of Declan, as she had a in verbalise of drug and alcohol misuse. Declans cause of death is unascertained. However, the prolonged neglect of Declan by his mother and sole carer Kimberley Hainey was at least a contributory grammatical constituent in his death. There was no collaborative working where there should have been, there was no consistency with health visi tors/social workersSherriff Anderson identified the sideline factors where the death of Declan might have been avoided If all agencies involved in the breeding gathering process pre-birth/post-birth had all information and medical records available to them, then baby bird protection measures could have been put in place which would have resulted in close monitoring and assessment over a longer period and under closer scrutiny of social work and health visitors then the vitrine would not have been closed without a dress inter-agency review. If medical information relating to Kimberlys long history of alcohol and drug horror and her psychiatric history had been passed to social work and health staff who had go on responsibility for Declan, would have contributed to a more realistic assessment of the essays which existed in relation to Kimberlys ability to care for her son. www.scot-judiciary.orgSherriff Anderson set out four factors and recommendations that are pertinent to prevent a break defeat in communication and collaborative working in future, as he identified in Declans caseAction to be interpreted when a notification of concern in relation to an unseen child is received by a social work department.Mandatory training of general practitioners in the guidance and protocols relating to child protection.Improve staffing levels in social work and health servicesThe distribution of medical information to those working in cases where there are children of pump misusing parents or care. www.scot-judiciary.orgSadly, it was too late for Declan, but hopefully, lessons and recommendations set out by Sherriff Anderson will be adhered in their full capacity. There have been improvements across the health and social care sector, but sadly it was too late for some.Q3. For collaborative working to be effective there are national and local organizations that promote collaborative working. These are the National care standards which were set up by Scottish mini sters under Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001and formed the national care standards committee who had the help of several groups of people and families that used care services as well as professionals, local authorities, which resulted in the standards that were set to meet their needs, and services to create the standards and everyone working in the care setting is held accountable to.www.gov.scot Another national organisation promoting collaborative working is the JITThe Joint Improvement Team also the JIT action team who is governed by the Joint Improvement partnership board and is in partnership with NHS Scotland, the Scottish government and COSLA prescript of Scottish Local AuthoritiesThey provide a range of backup man to local care services and housing associations their mission is for continues improvement creativity, effective collaboration with a wide range of services across Scotland.www. Convention of Scottish Local Authorities.org.uk One local organization I have i dentified is a community group called FAIR Family Action in Rogerfield Easterhouse who work with people of all ages and live in disadvantaged areas to let them together and built positive relationships. They offer social, education and practical resist to enhance their skills to gain employment, have healthier lifes, to achieve this they run polar workshops daily to meet the needs of every individual such as SVQ classes, cooking clubs and an employability programme . These can only be achieved by the collaborative working of local businesses and health boardsfare-scotland.org Another local organization is social work services who work with health professionals such as CAMHS, care providers, and families. These organizations are involved in collaborative working as this promotes the wellbeing and safeguarding of everyone who needs care, by identifying their needs, giving people receiving care a voice and be heard. By working together, it meets the needs of the individual and ensur es the best quality of care that will fit around the individual and not the individual fitting around the service. It allows services to be able to share information that has a person-centred approach enabling a better outcome for the individual as each will have a shared knowledge and understanding of that individual. By working with all these agencies ensures that the persons needs can be met.Q.4.There is advantages and disadvantages when working collaboratively with other organizations. The advantages are everyone involved has one focus and thats to deliver the best possible care requirements for every person receiving or requiring a care service. By working together, it brings together a wide natural selection of skills and builds teams relationships enabling everyone to work better together and having more resources available to work with that will deliver a service that allows the individual to feel authorize in the service they receive. It works with individuals with a wide range of needs whether it be physical or mental, before people would have to go to lots of different agencies to meet their support needs, now that services have come together it enables more people not to feel overwhelmed by the number of agencies they would have had to go to, to seek the right support .There can also be disadvantages such as conflicts of interest as everyone has their own agendas and policies to adhere to that may not coincide with a neighbouring organization and has monetary restraints and who decides to make the final decisions as each has different values and beliefs this cause conflict amongst the employees. when delivering care regardless of your position, its not whats best for us but what will empower the individual to have a fulfilling life with barriers down and given opportunities for positive outcomes, regardless of their sex, gender, culture, religion or age demonstration Q.5.Doing this assignment I have learned that collaborative working is a posit ive approach to providing services to people that work for them and with the organisations working together and sharing information it allows if any the risks and dangers that a person may effort to be recognised as early as possible and allowing the relevant agencies to act on the dangers and risks if the appropriate care is not sourced to accommodate a person needs and requirements it can have a detrimental effect on that individual and others. On researching the Declan Hainey case was a prime role model of why its important that all the agencies involved with an individual who is at risk to themselves or others, be acted on immediately. Lessons are learned by mistakes that are made, even horrific ones such as Declan Haneys. What needs to be taken into consideration is its not about who has the most power and resources but to work equally to provide a service to individuals and remembering that every individual is unique and require different services to meet their specific need s. fond care has been highlighted in the media on a negative perspective display how some social care services dont work with other agencies and can lead to neglect and abuse to service users who may have no advocacy working on their behalf. There is also the good care settings that very rarely get the recognition in media showing how services can work together collaboratively to deliver a service with positive outcomes for everyone seeking help or advice .in the service I work with ,we work with a number of different agencies that have all the same scope to delivering a service that meets the needs of every young person we allow for, from CAHMSChild Adolescent Mental Health Servicesto local schools/colleges/dentists/skills development Scotland/drugs alcohol workers ,this is comely a few of the services that every young person has rag to on a daily basis. By working together efficaciously we are also learning from each other enhancing our knowledge in different areas we may no t have access to if there was no collaborative working.REEFRENCEBBC (2013) Kimberley Hainey murder conviction quashed on appeal. open at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-22183497 (Accessed 6 March 2017).Connor, A., Maclennan, E. and Price, S. (eds.) (2009) Higher national certificate in social care student book. Oxford Heinemann.Garfinkel, J. (2016) Working together to achieve your mission knowhow nonprofit. lendable at https//knowhownonprofit.org/organisation/collaboration/working-collaboratively/working-together-to-achieve-your-mission-ncvo (Accessed 20 February 2017).Government, S., House, S.A., Road, R. (2017) The Scottish government home page. forthcoming at http//www.gov.scot (Accessed 25 February 2017).Home (2016) Moodle. open at http//moodle.westcollegescotland.ac.uk/ curriculum/view.php?id=2237 (Accessed 26 February 2017).Office, J. and Scotland (2017) Fatal accident inquiry into the death of Declan Hainey judgments sentences judiciary of Scotland. usable at http//www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk/10/1308/Fatal-Accident-Inquiry-into-the-death-of-Declan-Hainey (Accessed 21 February 2017).Scotland, J. (2006a) Background joint improvement team (JIT). Available at http//www.jitscotland.org.uk/about-jit/background/ (Accessed 25 February 2017).Scotland, J. (2006b) JIT joint improvement team. Available at http//www.jitscotland.org.uk/ (Accessed 25 February 2017).User, S. (2001) Our history Scottish social services council. Available at http//www.sssc.uk.com/about-the-sssc/what-is-the-sssc/our-history (Accessed 25 February 2017).107m for health and social care integration (no date) Available at https//beta.gov.scot/news/107m-for-health-and-social-care-integration/ (Accessed 20 February 2017).Welcome

Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism

Concepts of symbolic InteractionismAspects of the modern-day participation of Britain, such as the Education and Religion whitethorn be explained through the c all told of the sociological spatial relations, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These positionings offer contrasting insights into the inner-workings of confederation and are multipurpose in onseting to determine these aspects of fond life, utilizing both macrosociology the study of widespread sociable processes and microsociology the study of connection at a interpersonal take.Symbolic Interactionism is a neighborly psychological speculation devised from the work of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead that studies how individuals act within society (Symbolic Interactionism, no date). The premise of this theory is that individuals be put one over towards different situations based upon the inwardness that the situation holds to them, from physical objects such as trees to administrations such as the government, referred to as symbols. As Symbolic Interactionism is a microsociological theory, the perspective foc engagements on how the meaning of these symbols to a individual is derived from the interpersonal, social interaction in society. Then through an instructive process upon experiences, the meanings an individual holds towards symbols will change (Blumer, 1986). There are numerous examples where individuals find social meaning through symbolic interaction, one beness that without symbolic interaction many people would not smoke til now meaning is constructed through the media or peer groups and people rationalise that albeit the consequences fastball hold, smoking is desirable.Another social psychological concept of Symbolic Interactionism is Charles Horton Cooleys looking-glass ego (1902), which explores how identity is formed. Charles concept states that an individuals identity grows out of interpersonal interactions, and the cognizance of others. Thi s leads individuals in society to shape themselves around other peoples perspectives and opinions of themselves. The looking-glass self has three principal(prenominal) components firstly imagining how we appear to others, secondly imagining the judgement from others of that appearance and thirdly sustainment our identity through these judgements (Rousseau, 2002).Functionalism on the other hand is a macrosociological theory which originated from the works of mile Durkheim, Functionalism is also known as a consensus perspective theory as the perspective does not deal with the issue of social conflict but rather at looks at the ideal in society. Durkheims count on the functionalist perspective looks at the macro- aim of social structure, the social sanctuarys, as to explain how these contribute to the stability of society the core institutions being family, government, economy, media, statement and religion. To a functionalist these social institutions are designed to fill the r equire of society, then shaping society, creating stability (Crossman, 2016). The functionalist perspective argues that institutions all exist to serve a role in how society functions, if the role is no longer infallible the institution would not be needed either and if new ask arise in society, institutions will be created to address these roles.As fey upon, Symbolic Interactionism is a micro-sociological theory looking at the interpersonal level of society and Functionalism is a macro-sociological theory which looks at society on the geomorphologic level. The difference among the perspectives is considerable due to this difference. Using religion as an example mile Durkheim argued that religion encouraged individuals of society to follow the social norms which Functionalist theorists perceive as bringing about stability through institution (Emile Durkheim the sociology of religion, no date). that as Symbolic Interactionism focusinges on the micro level of society, instea d of looking at religion as a institution and how it causes people to adhere to social norms, Interactionism looks at the symbolic meaning croup religion. A symbolic interactionist would observe the meanings people attach to such things as religious symbols, like a cross or a mosque, to becharm how they affect individual behaviour in society (Symbolic Interactionism, no date). merely there are similarities between these perspectives, despite the differences as to what level of society the perspectives focus on, both theories are similar in how they group individuals together, be it through social class for functionalism and through symbols for interactionism.Education in Britain has changed drastically since the 20th century. The Education Act was introduced in 1944 which guaranteed upbringing for free, for every chela in England and Wales. This act also divided the schools into what is the norm today, primary pedagogy and secondary precept. Throughout the 20th Century, educati on in britain was a finish contrast to education in modern-day society, corporal punishment was astray used whereas today the education dodging has different methods of punishment and scholarly persons lay down rights which prevent corporal punishment such as caning. Education in contemporary britain has evolved to be inclusive of g closing curtainer and those with special educational needs as through the 20th century women and special needs were discriminated against and regarded as unintelligent. Education in contemporary britain has also integrated the use of technology, with the vast majority of students having access to smartphones and the like within school (Reporters, 2014)l. Education is at the forefront of modern day society with 33% of students earning a stop in 2000 in contrast to 3.4% of students in 1950. (Bolton, no date)Both perspectives attempt to explain this aspect of social life in contemporary britain in contrasting ways, the Functionalist perspective focus es on the the functions performed by the education system. A functionalist may argue that Education creates Social Solidarity. Social Solidarity is when individuals feel as though they are integrated into something bigger than themselves. Durkheims belief when it comes to education was that the system is create upon the common beliefs of individuals in society, Durkheim believed the system to be a product of collective thought rather than individual thought, hence making the education system a expression of the collective conscious which adapts over time as societys hold dears change, uniting society with shared values, which is known as value consensus (Hoenisch, 1996). Talcott Parsons (1961), an american functionalist which expanded upon Durkheims writings in the 1950s and 1960s, expressed his view on the education system can be related to contemporary britain as being useful to provide a trained childbed force as, this is useful to contemporary britain due to it being a ri pe industrial economy, which needs a complex division of labour in order to sustain (Cook, 2008). Talcott Parsons (1961) also argued that the education system is the bridge between family and society as a whole for students, preparing for their role in later on life after their initial primary socialisation which is where individuals learn and develop throughout their younger years (Agnihotri, 2008). Parsons (1961) believed that in the family, as the parents understand the ludicrous abilities of their child, the parents will judge the child to a particular set of standards they have come to expect, this is known as particularistic standards. However due to the education system, children learn that outside of the family individuals are judged by universalistic standards, which is where rules and laws apply to all people, regardless of the character of the person, education teaches this. From a functionalist viewpoint, education in contemporary britain is used to assign roles to peo ple in society through the use of examinations and qualifications. Education also introduces meritocracy, which is a equality of opportunity every student has a chance to succeed (Thompson, 2015).An interactionists perspective however will focus on studies on interpersonal interaction within the school, such as in the classroom, in the lunch hall and on the playground. Studies express that teachers perception of students can affect the learning environment, A study carried out by Robert Rosenthal (1968) and Lenore Jacobson (1968) focuses on a group of students throughout a school year, at the start of the school year the teachers where told which students where intelligent and which where unintelligent. The study showed at the end of the year that the students which the teachers had been informed where intelligent performed better throughout the year than the students deemed unintelligent, although the students where labeled to the teachers at random. A Interactionist will look at how due to the teachers having that familiarity inadvertently caused them to praise the intelligent students more often, and spend more time with them. Interactionists will also look at how Social Interaction contributes to gender-role socialization, studies show that teachers praise males more often (Jones Dindia, 2004)Functionalism is useful in sympathy how the education system is more work focused in contemporary society with increasing vocational courses. The perspective allows us to see how roles are allocated in society and how the education system brings around a value consensus in society. Its also useful in understanding how society teaches children what the universalistic standards are. However Functionalism tends to look at the macro elements of the education system rather than at the interpersonal level where functionalism can be criticized due to ignoring negatives such as bullying. It can also be criticised due to the fact the Marxist perspective argues education is not meritocratic due to the fact private schools only benefit the wealthy. Symbolic Interactionism on the other hand is useful in understanding the interpersonal relationships between parties such as the teacher and the student, allowing researchers to understand how individuals behavior shape society through observations and gathering qualitative data, understanding how society come to learn gender roles and how the labelling theory works as shown in the study aforementioned a student being given up more praise makes the student believe they are intelligent and therefore tries to fit that label, which is known in sociology as the self-fulfilling prophecy. According to Manis and Meltzer (1978) Symbolic Interactionism also makes it difficult to understand on a broad level the education system in contemporary society due to being limited to only micro-social structures and that the perspective neglects emotional conduct, focusing only on logical behaviour.Bolton, P. (no date) Commons Briefing papers SN04252. House of Commons.

Honda: SWOT and PESTEL

Honda overdress and PESTELIntroduction of craft surroundingsBusiness surround is individual and musical arrangement that exist outside the affair and view influence direct and indirect to the stock.Business purlieu diagnoses to tot entirelyy those intimate and external promoters which impact the functioning or performance of a fast and its decision making particularly strategies in the organisations.According to Gerald BellAn organization external purlieu consists of those things outside an organization such(prenominal) as customers, competitors, administration units, suppliers, pecuniary firms and get the picture pools that be relevant to an organizations operationsThus, it can be said that surround as the set of external factors such as the stinting factors, social factors, and government factors efficacious factors, political factors, which be seditious in nature and affects the business decisions of organisation or connection.Types of Business surroundings The business purlieu are divided into deuce ways.Micro EnvironmentMacro EnvironmentMICRO ENVIRONMENTThe micro environment of business consists of the forces in the lodges environment that affects the performance of the go with. These forces are more closely link with the business than the macro factors.According to Philip KotlerThe micro environment consists of the actors in the companys warm environment that affects the performance of the company. These allow the suppliers, marketing intermediaries, competitors, customers and the public.Micro environment factors are relatedSuppliersCompetitorsPublicLabourFinanciersCustomersMacro environmentThe macro environment of business includes activities which are uncontrollable and collect proper attention on the part of a business enterprise.According to Hill and Jones The macro environment consists of the broader economic social, political, legal and technological setting at heart which the industry and the company are placed.Macro environment factors are relatedPolitical factorEconomical factorSocial factorTechnological factorenvironmental factorLegal factorEnvironmental factors internal to the firm sort out SWOT as strengths and weaknesses, and external firm classified as opportunities or threats. Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. It is provides information that is cooperative in firms resources and capabilities to the environment in which it operates. As such, it is helpful in strategy formulation and selection.Introduction of accompany hotshot Honda Motors Ltd. is an Indian manufacturer of rides and scooters. title-holder Honda is a joint Venture that began in 1984 betwixt the belligerent Group of India and Honda From Japan. It has been the worlds leading manufacturer of 2-wheeled motorized vehicles since 2001.During the 80s, gunslinger Honda became the beginning(a) company in India to prove that it was promising to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. The company introduced new age group motorcycles that set industry benchmarks for can saving and low emission. A legendary Fill it Shut it close up it campaign captured the imagination of commuters across India, and wiz Honda sold gazillions of bikes on the commission of better mileage. wiz Honda has developed at double digits since foundation and today, any second motorcycle sold in the country is a gunslinger Honda. Every 30 seconds, someone in India buys Hero Hondas top -merchandising motorcycle Splendor. This celebratory season, the company sold half a million two wheelers in a single month-a feat supreme in world(prenominal) automotive history.Hero Honda has a massive network of sales and attend to network now over 3000 customer touch points. These touch points go on of dealerships, service stations and spare parts stockiest and authorized representatives of dealers which are turn up across variant places.Hero Honda has a proper value system and hen ce it cares for its relationship with its customers. It has a unique CRM initiative i.e. Hero Honda passing play Program which is one of the key programs of this kind in the world. The program has not only helped Hero Honda understand its customers and deliver value at diametric price points, but has too pissd a reliable society of inciter ambassadors.VisionThe Hero Honda story began with a simple sight the muckle of a transportable and an empowered India, powered by Hero Honda. This vision was driven by Hero Hondas commitment to customer, quality and excellence, and while doing so, maintaining the highest value of principles and societal responsibilities and they are believes that the fastest way to turn that dream into a reality is by outstanding focused on that vision.MissionHero Hondas mission is to effort for synergy between technology, human resources and systems, to produce proceedss and function that get together the performance, price and quality aspiration of its customers. At the analogous time maintain the highest standards of principles and social responsibilities.StrategyHero Hondas key constitution has been driven by innovation in every field of action at law building a strong product portfolio across categories, exploring new markets, sharply expanding the network and continuing to invest in brand building activities.ManufacturingHero Honda bikes are manufactured across globally manufacturing facilities. Two of these are ground at Gurgaon and Dharuhera which are located in the state of Haryana in Federal India. engine roomIn 1980s Hero Honda company pioneered the introduction of fuel-efficient, environment friendly four-stroke motorcycles in the country. Today, Hero Honda continues to be technology pioneer. It became the first company to found the Fuel Injection (FI) technology in Indian motorcycles, with the launch of the Glamour FI in June 2006.ProductsHero Hondas product series includes novelty of motorcycles that prevail set the industry standards across all the market segments. The company also arisinged manufacturing scooter in 2006. Hero Honda offers large no. of products to wide variety of requirements across all the segments.Key milestone of HERO HONDAYear causa1983 Joint partnership Agreement with Honda Motor Co. Ltd. Japan.1984 Hero Honda Motors Ltd. Incorporated.1985 First motorcycle CD 100 rolled out.1987 100,000th motorcycle produced.1989 juvenile motorcycle imitate Sleek introduced.1991 sore work CD 100 SS introduced.500,000th motorcycle produced.1994 New motorcycle simulate Splendor introduced and1,000,000th motorcycle produced.1999 New motorcycle flummox CBZ introduced.2000 4,000,000th motorcycle produced.Splendor stated World No. 1 largest selling prototype.Hero Honda Passport Programme CRM Programme launched2001 New motorcycle model hotness introduced.One million returns in one course.2002 New motorcycle models -Ambition and Dawn introduce.2003 Become the first Ind ian Company to cross the evolution 7 million sales andSplendor has emerged as the Worlds largest selling model for the 3rd basecalendar year in a rank (2000, 2001, 2002)New model Karizma introduced.2004 Hero Honda became the World No. 1 Company for the third consecutive year.2005 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 4th year in a row.2006 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the fifth year in a row15 million ware milestone achieved.2007 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 6th year in a rowNew Splendor NXG launched.New Passion Plus launched.New model Hunk launched.20 million achievement milestone achieved.2008 New model Passion Pro launched.New CBZ Xtreme launched.25 million exertion milestone achieved.CD Deluxe lauched with power start feature.New Glamour launched.2009 Splendor completed 11 million labor marker.New model Karizma ZMR launched.Silver jubilee celebrations.Hero Honda Business Environment(P)olitical FactorsThese refer to government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. Political decisions can impact on many critical areas for business such as the knowledge of the workforce, the health of and the quality of the infrastructure of the economy, such asCustomer protection laws These laws are designed to protect customers against partial practices such as confusing descriptions of the product related auto mobile. resister laws These are aimed at protecting small firms against bullying by large firms and ensuring customers are not exploited by firms with monopoly power.Employment or labour laws These cover areas such as discharge, working hours and minimum wages. health and resort These laws are aimed at ensure the workplace is as safe as is reasonably practical. They face issues such as training, reporting accidents and the appropriate render of safety equipment.(E)conomic factorsEconomic Environment refers what is happening within the economy, for example economic growth, interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, de mand, wages rate etc.Marketers need to consider the trading economy in soon term and grand term. Economic factors ingest major impacts on how business operate and how to they hold decisions.Hero Honda has been strongly committed not only to environmental counseling programmes but also express the increasingly inseparable balance between the economic concerns and the environmental and social issues faced by a business. A business must not grow at the expense of globe and mans future but rather must provide mankind.(S)ocial factorsSocial factors include the demographic and cultural prognosiss of the external macro environment. These factors affect customer needfully and the size of possible markets. Changes in social trends can contact on the demand for a firms products and the availability and get outingness of individuals to work. Culture is the set of morals and attitudes that are approved by a group of people and transferred from one contemporaries to an other. Social fa ctors include health sentiency, population rate, age, importance on safety. Hero Honda auto mobile change various management strategies use different strategies related age, gender, categories in society (income of society).Hero Honda has been set up on 40 acres of land along the Delhi-Jaipur Highway. The Centre-complete with wide approach roads, strip water, and education facilities for both adults and children-now nurtures a vibrant, educated and healthy community.Hero Honda interpreted up by the Foundation includesRaman Munjal Memorial HospitalRaman Munjal Sports Complexvocational Training CentreAdult Literacy MissionMarriages of underprivileged girlsRural Health Care We must do something for the society from whose land we generate our prosperity.A quote from Chairman of Hero Honda Motors Pvt.Ltd.(T)echnological factorsTechnological factors include environmental and native aspects, such as Research Development activity, technology inpennyive. Technology has contend a essenti al role in developing the transportation system. Technology has also positively affected the economic status of some countries. It is more often than not practical that the countries employing a high level technology is a healthful advanced state. It has increased productivity and has contributed actually in producing more step with quality. Some benefits of technology in production process are reduction the record wastage.fewer waiting time.Decreased over production. -Reduces avoidable activities of employees.Hero Honda committed at all levels to achieve high quality in anything they do, mainly in their products and function which will meet and exceed customers exploitation aspiration through-Innovation in products processes and services.Continuous improvement in our totality quality management systems.Teamwork and responsibility.(E)nvironmental FactorsEnvironmental factors include the weather and humour change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including agriculture, tourism and insurance. With major climate changes happening due to global warming and with larger environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a major issue for firms to consider.Hero Honda environmental awareness of our employees and dealers , while promoting their involvement in ensuring noise environmental management. Institutionalise resource conservation, in particular, in the areas of oil, water, electrical energy, paints and chemicals. fulfil with all applicable environmental legislation and also controlling their environmental discharges.(L)egal Environment factorMarketing decision is affected by developments in legal environment. This environment is related of different types laws, government policies. Sometimes these laws also create new opportunities for business. (Kotler, p 2003).Legal environment refers to what is happening with changes to legislation. Legal Environment impact resources, import export, taxation, employment etc. It is reflect th e policy fashion model and the move towards of the Governmental structure of the country and ensure that every company is performance as per the legislative structure of the country.SWOT analysis of Hero Honda(S)trengthsSales IncreaseHero Honda experienced great growth throughout its early days. By 2002 Hero Group had sold 86 million bicycles producing 16000 bicycles a day. Today Hero Honda has many different models of motorcycles available. It holds the most favourite bike in the world by sales for Its Splendor model in last many years.b) Fuel efficiencyOver all fuel consumption by its products is less in compare to other brands product. Hero Honda able to give better mileage. Because of this Hero Honda splendor has supernatural sales record and the reason of mileage.c) Service Hero Honda offers free services on all their two-wheelers. Customer avail all these service within the time period or kilo metre range.d) High financial performanceThe Hero Honda financial information sho ws that it has strong financial reach in terms of sales, profit and assets. Honda Motors Ltd. the worlds largest two-wheeler manufacturer, today reported 31% per cent growth in profit after tax at Rs 275 crore for the third quarter October-December of financial year 2007-08.(W)eaknessesa) High maintenanceSome of the products of mill Honda like Karizma, CBZ, Hunk require high maintenance.Less promotion and neglect of recycling scrapThe promotions and of Hero Honda are very less to its competitors and they have problem of recycling scrap.c) Labour relationsIn Hero Honda Company there is no labour organized and family member of employees. The majority of the production workers, who are hired through contractors, these benefits are out of reach.(O)pportunitiesa) Good will of the companyWith new launch Hero honda can be benefited at present market scenario like Karizma, CBZ, Hunk has huge attraction in the younger generation because of its style, look, and power at high speeds.(T)hrea tsTechnical aspectCompetitor bike like Bajaj pulsar and TVS apache are threat to Hero Honda product like Karizma, CBZ and Hunk in respect to fuel economy. So if they dont short out in the new launches and give something extra in its engineering performance it whitethorn affect in demand of this company product. ostentationIf inflation increases the cost of raw material used in production will go high and sellingprice of product may go high that may decrease demand of the two wheeler.

Lessons Learned :: Personal Narrative Friendship Essays

Lessons Learned Hey hun, how did ya sleep? my husband Max utter as he gave me a quick peck on the cheek. Fine. What condemnation is your meeting? I asked The Board is meeting at noon and wherefore I have another briefing at 2. He took a sip of his orange juice and asked, What do you have planned for straight off? Well... ya know its Lucys birthday, I thought I would go see her. Okay I gotta go, try to be home onward 5. Well go appear to dinner. Ohh and can you pick Emily up from school at 4, I wont be able to, he state as he tightened his tie, grabbed his briefcase and then vanished through the kitchen door, not waiting for my reply. I went upstairs to change off of my pajamas. I grabbed a faded duet of jeans and pulled my sun-streaked hair into a loose ponytail. I grabbed the gift that I had bought for Lucy and headed out the front door. In a few minutes I was chief away from my sub-division and steering my Lincoln Navigator onto th e expressway. I let my theme drift upon thoughts of my best friend. Lucy White and I had been best friends since the day we met in kindergarten. She caught my eye while standing in the corner crying for her mom. I wanted to cry too, but was too afraid. I thought she was beauteous cool because she could wear her long stringy blonde hair down, and I had to wear mine tightly pulled back and stiffly braided. I whitewash remember her standing there in her new Jordache jeans and sucking her ripple when I went up to her and said, My mom told me that only babies suck their thumbs. She quickly pulled the dupery soaked finger out of her mouth and stopped crying. From then on she was always following my lead. I thought of how I could always change her to do the things that I knew were wrong but wanted to find out about anyways.

Usage of the Outsider Theme in Claude McKays Poetry Essay examples --

wont of the Outsider Theme in Claude McKays PoetryClaude McKay was an important figure during the 1920s in the Harlem Rennaisance. Primarily a poet, McKay used the point of view of the outsider as a prevalent theme in his works. This is best observed in such poems as Outcast, America, and The White House. In these poems, McKay portrays the African-American as the outsiderof occidental society and its politics and laws and at times, the very land that he is primeval to.McKayss poem, Outcast, is the most obvious example of this outsider theme. From the title to the last gunstock there are many references to a feeling of alienation and neglect. The congresswoman in the poem longs for the dim regions whence my fathers came. The voice in like manner longs for disregarded jungle songs and yearns to go back to darkness and to peace. This is the voice of the African-American remote from his native country and made an outsider of his own home. Alienation is also voiced as I may never hope for lavish release while to its alien gods I bend my knee. This line illustrates that the...

An In-Depth Analysis of Fairy Tales :: essays research papers

More Than Kiddy StuffAn In Depth look At Fairy Tales.Esteemed German poet Johann Schiller insists, Deeper meaning resides in the cigaret tales told me in my childhood than in any truth that is taught in behavior" (Fairy 1). Fairy tales are unique because they focus all which is clean and corrupt into a short, compact story. The story directly arrives to the plot release nothing to ponder. From there, fairy tales branch out and explore each passkey characteristic a person should obtain and their opposites. The tales are usually meant for new-made children, but they are exceedingly beneficial to all ages however, children benefit more than than from the abstract reason of thought these provide. Recent studies prove, . . . children deprived of fantasy may develop nightmares and suffer emotional delays (Melvin 1). Since the tales are universal, they chamberpot be fitting to teach or explain any given lesson in life. Disneys Beauty and the wight (1991) portrays a complet e transformation by creature, which can be related to life in countless ways.     At first, Beast is disliked and feared by the characters around him because of his appearance. When desperate Maurice wanders into Beasts castle, he is treated Beast storms down to the room where Maurice waits unexpectedly the moment he learns a stranger has entered his castle. Without welcome to the stranger, Beast begins interrogating Maurice in a uncomplimentary manner, Who are you? What are you doing here? With Maurice in a stupor, Beasts fangs flash, and his large shadow floods the wall. Beast appears jagged and uneven, his mane and fur unkempt. Maurice is panicked because inches away stands a beast twice the size of a man, with talons for nails and fangs for teeth. Beasts warm, stale breath saturates Maurice, and they stand unchanged for an instant. Before Belle takes her fathers place as prisoner to Beast, she asks to see Beast in the light. He steps forward lighting his d og-like features and Belle is aghast. She covers her mouth with her hand because she cannot call back she is taking her fathers place for this monster. Later when Belle has grown more use to Beast, he messily eats his viands without proper etiquette and food sloshes all over his face.Beast perpetrates many wrongful actions thus, he is not popular among newcomers. This fact is proven well when Maurice is harshly taken up into the keep of the castle.

Free Nature vs. Nurture Essay -- Biology Genes Science Essays

record vs NurtureThe exponential growth of scientific and biologic association over time has facilitated the generation of radical field of specialization, namely biologic determinism, sociobiology and eugenics, just to mention a few. The common thread between these fields is this- their proponents collectively postulate that each hu human race traits, including weight, strength, intelligence, aspects of personality such as temperament (aggression for example), criminality and morality, atomic number 18 ultimately determined by the tuition encoded in DNA. They espouse that we argon who we are because of our genes solely that biodiversity in man is ultimately precipitated by phenotypical variations, caused by purely genetic differences, amongst individuals, then ostensibly offering olive-sized or no gravity to nongenetic factors.Nongenetic factors, generically labelled as the environment, cut through not only the physical, chemical and biological criterion, but also the ma ny social and psychological ones that shape our lives as we grow and mature. Can we badly take the influence of the env... Free Nature vs. Nurture Essay -- Biology Genes Science EssaysNature vs NurtureThe exponential growth of scientific and biological knowledge over time has facilitated the genesis of radical fields of specialization, namely biological determinism, sociobiology and eugenics, just to mention a few. The common thread between these fields is this- their proponents collectively postulate that all human traits, including weight, strength, intelligence, aspects of personality such as temperament (aggression for example), criminality and morality, are ultimately determined by the information encoded in DNA. They espouse that we are who we are because of our genes solely that biodiversity in man is ultimately precipitated by phenotypic variations, caused by purely genetic differences, amongst individuals, therefore ostensibly offering little or no gravity to nongenetic factors.Nongenetic factors, generically labelled as the environment, encompass not only the physical, chemical and biological criterion, but also the numerous social and psychological ones that shape our lives as we grow and mature. Can we seriously take the influence of the env...

Antebellum Slave Culture Essay -- Analysis, The Slave Community

Since the late 1960s, ante-bellum slave narratives have experienced arenaissance as dozens of the thousands still extant have been reprinted and asscholars have published major works on the sources, art, and developmentof thenarratives the people who produced them and their on-going influence on laterwork. Drawing upon slave narratives as well among other sources, JohnBlassingames The knuckle down Community (1972), for example, drew attention to thecomplex social interactions developed in antebellum slave culture. Examiningthe milieu that spawned the narratives and their development, and providinginsights into what the narratives can tell about bondage as well as what they omit,Frances Smith Fosters Witnessing Slavery (1979) gave readers a book-length compend of the genre. Robert B. Steptos From Behind the Veil (1979) situatedslave narratives at the center of African-American written narrative. John Sekoraand Darwin Turners collection of essays, The Art of the Slave Narrative (19 82), rivet closer attention on how the narratives achieved their rhetorical effects.In The Slaves Narrative (1985), Charles T. Davis and henry Louis Gates, Jr.gathered excerpts from some of the best-known narratives and essays about thenarratives as bill and autobiographical literature. William L. Andrewss ToTell a Free Story (1987) examined the narratives as habitual autobiographies, atonce exploring and demanding freedom. Today, hardly a book is published onAmerican autobiography without a chapter on slave narratives. Not yet doscholars writing about African-American literature often push to the slave0026-3079/93/3502-073$ 1.50/0 7oSvn her babes, so dear, so young, The*e, evn these, were torn style And... ...ased unlike the narratives writtenby men, womens narratives do not emphasize this factor. darn male narratorsaccentuate the role of literacy, effeminates stress the grandness of relationships.Given the importance of relationships in the lives of most women, this is har dlysurprising. Through their narratives, both male and female fugitives and exslavesstrove to counter the racial stereotypes that bound them even in freesocieties. forbidding men and women, however, faced different stereotypes. Blackmen combated the stereotype that they were boys part black women contestedthe idea that they were either helpless victims or whores. For a male fugitive,public discourse served to claim his place among men for a female her relationshipsas a daughter, sister, wife, mother, and frienddemonstrated her womanlinessand her shared roles with women readers.

Public vs. Private Education Essay -- Compare Contrast School Educatin

Public vs. Private developmentI go for examined and compargond man versus private education. Also, this collection of information should help you understand differences betwixt humankind and private schools. Aspects of equality and achievement in private and prevalent education will be dissected and evaluated.ObservationsI have evaluated and examined both humans and private education instittutional systems.Public preceptPublic schools are in crisis, and not because of any shortages of public funds (more money is dog-tired on public education than ever before, but with declining results). Many peck like to think the problem with our schools is precisely that they are public governance schools are run like the rest of the organisation, poorly and inefficiently. Teachers are not primarily to blame, because they are also victims of bad conditions of schools and their profession.The solution is to get government f solely out of the business of education and to run education i n a more businesslike way. However, education is not a business like other businesses it does not turn out a product whose economic prize can be expressed adequately in terms of market place price. Education does impart business or workplace skills, of course, but the value of reading and writing well cannot be captured fully by a future salary. The love of learning and growing as a scholarly person mentally is what shapes each individuals identity in public life.Before very often progress can be make, Americans will have to be persuaded that public schools are a public failure -- that they are turning out not just poorly educated students but bad or indifferent citizens. However statistics show that Americans have confidence in public education. In 1997 Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Publics Attitudes Toward the Public Schools was the first in which an effort was made to determine whether the public wants to place its confidence in the public schools or to start looking fo r an alternative system. In that poll, the public clearly indicated its sense of taste for the public schools.. The results clearly affirm the publics belief that our national commitment to educating all our children through the public schools should be maintained. 71% of Americans indicate that the focus in education should be on reforming the existing system. This compares to 27% opting for finding an alternative system such as p... ... school also generally change magnitude with family income. Children from the lowest income families (less than $15,000) were more likely than those from families with incomes over $30,000 to attend a elect public school. However, the net result of the various types of choice was that children from families with incomes over $50,000 were much less likely than children from families in lower income categories to attend an assigned public school over which they had not exercised any choice.ReferenceThe Condition of Education 1997, 182, based on NC ES, Schools and Staffing Survey, 1993?94, and the Teacher Follow-up Survey, 1994?95. 14/ NCES, Schools and Staffing in the coupled States, 1993?94, 107. 15/ V.E. Lee and J.B. Smith, High School Size Which Works Best, and for Whom?, newspaper publisher presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, new(a) York, 1996. 16/ F. Mosteller, R. Light, and J. Sachs, Sustained Inquiry in Education Lessons from Skill sort out and Class Size, Harvard Educational Review 66 (4) (1996) 797?842. 17/ The Condition of Education 1997, 136, based on NCES, Schools and Staffing Survey, 1987?88, 1990?91, and 1993?94.

Pocahontas Essay -- History Native Americans

Pocahontas excogitation 1 Disneys Pocahontas has understandably received a lot of flak virtually the historically inaccurate story that is told about the legendary Pocahontas and Captain magic trick Smith. There is a good reason for that. The word picture does little that butt be construed as historically accurate, yet Disney claims that was never their intent. Disney, in their old movies, has been attacked for being racist and unsympathetic to racial minorities. Their answer was a movie whose sole purpose, as stated by Disney, was to promote racial gross profit margin. The oppugn is, then tramp a movie promote racial tolerance when the issue is built on false history, history that if told accurately would discover the exact opposite? 2 First, I feel that it is important to establish just what Disneys intentions were in making the film. Secondly, I intend to show that Disney provided affluent historical information that it is questionable whether or not one c an assume that they were trying to teach history, history that is specifically aimed at children. Lastly, I will show that the real story of Pocahontas was not about racial tolerance, that it was not about understanding ones culture, but it was in fact about trying to change ones culture. Disneys Intention 3 From the movies start Disney has been preaching innocence about trying to accurately depict history. Disney, in their press kit, expressed that, Pocahontas is a story that appealed to us because it was basically a story about flock getting along together which is particularly applicable to lots of places in the world today (Pocahontas 33). In addition, Thomas Schmucher, who is the senior vice chair of Disney feature animation, says, It is a... ... 11 June 1995 46. Muldoon, Paul. Barbie, but no Bimbo. Times Literary subjoining 13 October 1995 21. Pocahontas Press Kit. Burbank Walt Disney Pictures, 1995. Rasmussen, William, and Robert S. Tilton. Pocahontas Her Life a nd Legend. Charlottesville Virginia Historical Society, 1994. Rollins, Peter C., and John E. OConnor, eds. Hollywoods Indian The Portrayal of the Native American in Film. Lexington UP of Kentucky, 1998. Rosenstone, Robert A. Visions of the early(prenominal) The Challenge of Film to Our Idea of History. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1995. Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Disuniting of America. New York Norton, 1992. Turan, Kenneth. Disney Tries Again to find out the Magic The Kids whitethorn Like it but the Adult Viewers May Feel that Pocahontas is More By-The-Numbers than Inspired. Los Angeles Times 16 June 1995 1.

Fast Cars and a Clean Environment Essay -- Environmental Ethics Ethica

Fast Cars and a saucy milieuMany people would love the idea of having the closeest cable car of all time or just having a speedy and sleek sports car to pull around for that matter. The idea of being able to flex the power of your car every time the light turns green make people foresighted for a high-speed car. Many automakers be making blistering and faster or cars with more horsepower for this demand. For instance, BMWs E36 (1996- 1999) M3 models peaked at an dire 234 horsepower and 226 pounds per feet of torque, but this wasnt enough for some(prenominal) BMW enthusiasts. So in 2001 BMW came out with its E46 M3 model that housed an astonishing 333 horsepower and 270 pounds per feet of torque engine, which is an increase of just about 100 horsepower from the previous E36 M3 models. This dealt with the demands for faster cars (1). There is a groovy price for living out this dream. The earths already depleting proviso of fossil fuel and damage to the environment, such a s the ozone layer, is being advance injured from the combustion engines of cars. With the combination of more and more people schooling about the environmental problems caused by combustion engines and the raised prices for gas caused by the huge demand for oil, automakers are now working on environmentally safe cars that consume slight gas. Then why isnt everyone control an environmentally safe car right now if they know that they are killing the environment as they drive? One of the main reasons that many people have no intentions of ever purchasing these cars is simply because of the position that these cars are known to have just about twice as less horsepower as an average car and therefore accelerate almost twice as slow. Many car enthusiasts, who love to drive fast cars, will have no reason... ...s_47915.asp4.Karim Nice, How Fuel Cells Work, howstuffworks.com, 10 Nov. 2003, http//science.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell.htm5. Karim Nice, How Rotary Engines Work, howstuffwor ks.com, 10 Nov, 2003, http//auto.howstuffworks.com/rotary-engine1.htm6. Roger Schreffler, Japan Carmakers Show Fuel Cell, H2 I.C. Concepts, Prototypes at Tokyo Motor Show, 2003, The atomic number 1 and Fuel Cell Letter, 7 Nov. 2003, http//www.hfcletter.com/letter/November03/ 7. California Clean pedigree Act Streamlining AB 3048 (Olberg), 2003,California Environmental Protection Agency, 17 Nov 2003, http//www.calepa.ca.gov/Legislation/1996/ab3048.htm8. Clean Air--Californias Successes and Future Challenges,2003,California Environmental Protection Agency, 17 Nov 2003, http//www.arb.ca.gov/ba/omb/50thfinal/tsld009.htm9 . Dinan BMW, 10 Nov. 2003, http//dinancars.com/default.htm

THOMAS JEFFERSON :: Essays Papers

THOMAS JEFFERSONIn the thick of party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, I have swear upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of despotism over the mind of man. This powerful advocate of liberty was born in 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia, inheriting from his father, a planter and surveyor, some 5,000 acres of land, and from his mother, a Randolph, high social standing. He studied at the College of William and Mary, then immortalize law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, a widow, and took her to live in his partly constructed mountaintop home, Monticello. Freckled and sandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent, merely he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the silent extremity of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years fol lowing he strained to make its words a reality in Virginia.Most notably, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, enacted in 1786. Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as look to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with horse parsley Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washingtons Cabinet. He resigned in 1793. a truncatedely political conflict developed, and two separate parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leading of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed the rights of states. As a reluctant chance for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a daub in the Constitution, he became Vice President, although an opponent of President Adams. In 1800 the fracture caused a more serious problem. R epublican electors, attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Repre moveatives settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, further urged Jeffersons election. When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed Army and Navy expenditures, cut the budget, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, still reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron to fight the Barbary pirates, who were harassing American commerce in the Mediterranean.

Hawthorne and Young Goodman Brown :: essays research papers fc

It has always appe ard to be fact that sin was an prospering word to define and that merely doing anything that goes against God and his teachings is a sin. In indian lodge to avoid sin, one must possess an infinite amount of reliance and be able to follow the teachings of a master that one tail assemblyt always see, but needs to understand is always there. In literature, many works start been created dealing with confidence and sin, but virtu all in ally are usually not written from a perspective in which a sinning man does not seek redemption. Most stories are not allegories dealing with a man leaving his wife named reliance so that he can go off into the woods and, literally, leaping with the devil. Most stories, however, are not Young Goodman cook and most are not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne as a response to the evil he felt over being the descendant of people intricate in the Salem Witch trials. An immensely important part of this illustration is the characte r of Faith, Young Goodmans wife, who represents just what her name says, and how her character affects the wide-cut story. Her existence alone allows for the crisis Young Goodman Brown feels and even later foster enhances that same crisis. She is both the cause and solution to all of Browns problems, if only he would allow himself to accept his faith rather than arrive into the kingdom of the devil.Faith is a highly subjective thing that all people who wish to have religion in their lives must have and embrace. Now, Hawthorne wrote Young Goodman Brown as a commentary on a seriously religious society that went as far as to submerge women who were preported to be witches. As Brown tells his wife that he is going off for a while, she in her pink bows and her young face, implores him not to go. Brown knows that hes close to to embark on a journey where having faith is important and necessary. Even he acknowledges such a fact when he states what a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand. (Hawthorne 614). Brown is fully apprised that on the journey hes about to embark on, he needs his faith. However, hes also aware that if he brings his faith along then the meeting with the devil entrust go differently than planned and will end with him maybe not accepting the devils pleas.

Flawless Use of Parallelism in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

Flawless Use of Parallelism in major power Lear umteen twists and turns characterize the television soap operas of today. Subplots are a distinctive sign of these daylight dramas, for they keep audience on the edge of their seats. Subplots keep the material fresh and the audience wanting more. Shakespeare consumptions secondary plots as a literary device to greatly dramatize the action of the play and to spark a contrast to his underlying themes in King Lear. The secondary plots can incalculably make better the effect of dramatic irony and suspense. The effective usage of subplots in King Lear, as a form of proportionateness, exhibits analogous traits of prominent characters. Using much(prenominal) literary device permits the audience to understand the emotions of the essential characters in the play. The brilliant similarity of different plots and characters can illustrate Shakespeares perfect use of parallelism in King Lear. Parallelism is greatly enhanced by the use o f subplots, for it creates emphasis and suspense. The parallel between Lear and Gloucester displayed in the play cannot possibly be accidental. The subplot of Gloucester corresponds the major plot of Lear. The two fathers gull their own loyal lucid child, and their own evil and disloyal kin. Gloucester and Lear are both honorable men, who have children that return to them in their time of need, and are sightless to the truth. Like Lear, Gloucester is tormented, and his successful child recovers his life he is tended and healed by the child whom he has wronged. Their sufferings are traceable to their extreme folly and injustice, and to a selfish credit line of their pleasure. In the early beginning of King Lear, Cordelia says that her bonk for her father is the love between father and daughter, no more, no less. Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave My heart into my mouth I love your majesty correspond to my bond nor more nor less. (Shakespeare.I.i.93-95) In response, Lear fl ies into a rage, disowns Cordelia, and divides her share of the farming between her two unworthy sisters. Such folly and injustice is encountered by Gloucester in the secondary plot. O scoundrel, villain His very opinion in the letter. Abhorred villain, unnatural, detested, brut- ish villain worse than brutish Go, sirrah, seek him. Ill apprehend him. Abominable villain Where is he? (I.ii.80-84)

The local labour market :: Business and Management Studies

The local labour securities industryWhilst looking into the local labour market, I fuddle decided to plainsome of the figures from the national statistics and look into how WPAwould engagement them if they needed to recruit sassy employees both locallyand nationally.Resident cosmos and ageThe resident population of west somerset, as measured in the 2001census, was 35,075, of which 47 portion were mannish and 53 portion werefemale.The majority of the population in west toss are aged 30 to 59 with38.3 per centum of the population macrocosm in this age group. This isslightly less than the voice of 41.5 percent in the age group of30 to 59 in England and Wales. .6 percent of nation in west flipand aged 16 to 19 compared to 4.9 percent of the great unwashed in England andWales. There is a real minimal difference, thence if WPA wanted 16to 19 year olds as they gestate that finished school and whitethorn be goinginto full date or part time work, west Somerset has almost the resembling office of this age group.If WPA wanted school leavers they could look locally and have the samenumber of people on average from that age group. health and provision of careIn west Somerset, 64.7 percent of people asked give tongue to they woulddescribe their health as in force(p), this is only slightly less than thepercentage of people in England and Wales with 68.6 percent. In westSomerset however 25.5 percent of people would describe their health asfairly strong this is higher(prenominal) than the national average of 22.2 percent. western Somerset had a higher percentage of people who had a long-termillness with 22.3 percent, the national average is 18.2 percent.If WPA were to use this information they could see that 90.2 percentof people in West Somerset said they had good or fairly good health,but 90.8 percent of people as a national average said they had good orfairly good health, this tells WPA that people living in Somerset havegood health so they would ha ve a very large selection of people livingin Somerset who have a good or fairly good health to get hold of from, theycould therefore attempt to recruit locally then if they are undone they can then recruit nationally where there is only 0.6percent more people who said they had good or fairly good health.Economic activity unemploymentUnemployment rates are lower with 2.9percent in West Somerset comparedto a national average of 3.4 percent. This means that there may not bea large selection of qualified people in the West Somerset area so WPA

The Word Nigger Essays -- Definition History Nigga Nigger Black Essays

The watchword Nigger My niggas. Some niggas that you adoptt wanna try.My niggas. Some niggas thats really do or die.My niggas. aint no longer living a lie.My niggas is stong. My niggas is real. Does this artist procedure the sacred scripture nigra in the same way that racists have and static argon? The answer to this question is a simple one- no. right aways urban society have changed, not only the interpretation, nevertheless also the spelling of this word, which was once delectationd to belittle those of Afri stern-American decent. Now, the definition as proved through todays urban early days holds many denotations- positive and negative. But has the definition really changed? Or are todays urban society just being animal and socially blinded by the hardships of our ancestors as they continue to use a word that held such great racial tension when used in the 1800s? Two answers for this one- yes and no. Yes the definition has changed, but not alone to where its preced ent has been forgotten. In fact, urban youth are so socially powerful that they can take a word and altogether flip it and use it within themselves but when one of another stimulate uses it, they return it back to the old definition and the racial remarks commence.The definitions of the word nigger are as follows1.a Negro 2.loosely or wrong applied to members of dark-skinned race 3.a vulgar offensive terminal of hostility and contempt as used by Negrophobes Nigger (etymology)1.Latin niger becomes Spanish and Portugese Negro used in France for black man peculiarly in Africa adapted by the English2.latin niger, for black, occurs in such river names as the Rio Negro in South America and the Niger f Central West Africa. When used by a white somebody to describe a black or African American person, this can be the most hateful hurtful, offensive term in the delivery today. This word in American speech dates back to the late sixteenth century, although the modern spelling doesnt appe ar until two centuries later. The obsolete spelling niger dates to 1574. It derives from the Latin niger meaning black. It shares this common root with negro. The first recorded use of the word nigger was in 1786 in a poem by Robert ruin yet variations on it including negar, neger, and niger are recorded two centuries before then. The disgustingness of the term has increased ov... ...ds in the air and scream.In this thesis, Ive really learned a few things. From looking up the word in etymology books, I concluded that the society has come to realize that we do use the word amongst ourselves but never to the extent to which it has been used centuries ago towards our ancestors. iodin book quotes African Americans commonly use the word in distinguishable ways among themelves 1. DMX, Interlude, (Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood, 1998)2. Nigger. The Shorter Oxford English dictionary ed. 19733. DMX, Interlude, (Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood, 1998)4. Nigger. The Shorter Oxf ord English mental lexicon ed. 19735. Nigger Websters Third New International Dictionry6. Nigger A Short Etymologica Dictionary of Modern English ORIGINS ed 19667. Nigga Dictionary for American Slang ed. 19958. Twain, Mark Hulckeberry Finn 9. Rice Jr., Earl The O.J.Simpson Trial San Diego, CA lambent Books Inc, 199710. Peterson, Nina. Personal interview. 2 June 200011. Punisher, Big. Watch Those (Yeaah Baby, 2000)12. Rush Hour (movie) 13. Scoop, flump Man, Brooklyn Clan (Hot 97s mix tape)14. Nigger Encyclopedia of Word and Phase Origins ed 1997