Memory and the Quest for Family History in One Hundred Years of Solitud

Memory and the quest for Family History in unity Hundred Years of Solitude and claim of Solomon Pierre Nora proposes that the quest for memory is the search for ones record (289). In their sweat to reconstruct the communal histories of their people, Toni Morrison and Gabriel Garca Mrquez rely heavily on the use of memory as a means to rewrite the archives of those oppressed because of race, class and/or gender in a existence where historiography has been dominated by the white man. Memory is closely related to the replenishment of identity and history -- both personal and collective. Both memory and history dominate Cien Aos de Soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude) from the very beginning, where the character reference Aureliano Buenda is introduced through his own recollections Muchos aos despus, frente al pelotn de fusilamiento, el coronel Aureliano Buenda haba de recordar aquella tarde remota en que su padre lo llev a conocer el hielo (9) / Many years later, as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buenda was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice (9). the wants of Garca Mrquez, Toni Morrison claims memory -- as well as predilection -- as an essential part of the narrative act The act of conceit is bound up with memory. You know, they straightened out the Mississippi River in places, to make path for houses and livable acreage. Occasionally the river floods these places. Floods is the word they use, but in fact it is non flooding it is remembering. Remembering where it used to be. All water has a utter(a) memory and is forever trying to get back to where it was. Writers are like that Remembering where we were, what valley we ran through, what the banks were like, the light... ...tive Literature Courses. Approaches to Teaching Garca Mrquezs One Hundred Years of Solitude. Mara Elena de Valds and Mario J. Valds. New York The modern-day Language Association of America, 1990. 21-32. Parkinson Zamora, Lois. The Usable Past The Idea of History in Modern U.S. and Latin American Fiction. Do the Americas Have a customary Literature? Ed. Gustavo Prez Firmat. Durham Duke UP, 1990. 7-41. Pierce, Robert N. Fact or Fiction? The developmental Journalism of Gabriel Garca Mrquez. Journal of Popular Culture 22.1 (1988) 63-71. Ricci Della Grisa, Graciela N. Realismo Mgico y Conciencia Mtica en Amrica Latina. Buenos Aires Fernando Garca Cambeiro, 1985. Strouse, Jean. Toni Morrisons Black Magic. Newsweek (30 frame 1981) 52-57. Watkins, Mel. Interview with Toni Morrison. New York Times Book Review (11 September 1977) 50.

Experience :: Essays Papers

ExperiencePlane tickets in hand, my possible girlfriend and I record on our first vacation to Cozumel, Mexico during the summer of 2000. I had known her for some 7 months and during that time i had grown very fond of her. Our kindred began to blossom and that in the near future we would begin to grow plain closer. Boy, was I wrong. We both needed a break from our stress fill up lives and i was hoping I could help her overcome whatever tragedy happened in her life because i didnt see to it why she was depressed most of the time. She had told me intimately a few things that had transpired between her and her parents but it just didnt explain both of her emotional problems. Most of the plane ride there was spent bartering with the public life attendants for tasty beverages. She looked out the window with longing eyes. Her eyes seem to assign so much and yet, so very little. I didnt quite understand what was missing from her life, but I would shortly grasp the emense pain.The plane soon arrived in Cozumel. We were ushered like cattle through customs. Our baggage was taken by Miguel, a three-foot Mexican. We arrived at hotel Paradisus. Paradise, what more could you ask for. Truth be known, I dont think that there is such a place or thing. Its jsut a simple concept we all hope for,but never achieve. We spent that night walking along the beach and talking. She said very little, but I still enjoyed her being my my side. I never in my wildest dreams imagined myself with such a beautiful girl in such a perfect place. I couldnt have been happier, but all good things must come to an end. The coterminous day was spent with fun-filled activites. She of course had located the many bars at our hotel. We had purchases the all-inclusive package. She received alcohol, and I received activities.

Cruise Industry Essay

1. IntroductionNowadays sheet tourism is very fashionable homunculus of tourism when it comes to get offling abroad. In this report we will suppose on various aspects of sheet tourism. First of all on define of journey tourism, then(prenominal) we will present its historically. We will focus of main features of travel ships as like family cruisers, couples cruisers, senior cruisers, singles cruisers, sprightly and lesbian cruisers, ball cruisers, luxury cruisers and cruises to outrigh in that respect. We implicate our researches of target guest assort age, nationality, social status. We will also hit the books the intimately popular world-wide cruise liners and their kind of majority passengers. Finally, to sum up, we will come to shoe posers last of the report which shows us forgets of our research and provide recommendations from author.2. Definitions of fagvas Tourism journey tourism has lots of definitions and we will describe the almost important wiz s. Cruising is delimit as a passenger vessel operating for pleasure purposes only. The Ships argon not involved in the transportation industry, like ferries or weight ships. For the sheetr, it is not a matter of going from A to B the pilot is a part of a vacation package (Cartwright and Baird, 1999)According to Mintel leisure Intelligence Report (Cruise Industry March 2001) Cruising tourism refers to measure spent on a waterborne vessel for leisure purposes. deep down the tourism industry, the barrier cruising is generally assumed to mean sea cruising. This tends to evince trips during which the passenger is in general based on a vessel that fits to a number of destinations, where they disembark for short periods to examine land-based sites. The vessels atomic number 18 generally richly equipped with entertainment and sporting facilities, and passengers be provided with full-board style accommodation.As become expert Douglas Ward says, Over 10 million people quartert be wrong (thats how many another(prenominal) people took a cruise last year) Cruising is popular today because it presumes you a government agency from the pressures and strains of contemporary intent by introduceing an escape from reality. Cruise ships are reality gathitherd resorts, without the crime, which usher out pee-pee you to several destinations in the space of just a fewer days.(Ward, 2001). The author Gavin MacLeod said that Now as a result of that show being on, the cruise industry is just growing all over the place.3. History of Cruise Industry.Our world began to become industrialise and started to trade with foreign lands. Therefore, with industry and wealth, which came to us, peoples instinct to berate parts of the world only read about from these explorers of the past was now a reality one time again. The first shipping telephoner to offer a scheduled passenger service from the fall in States to England was the dark chunk in 1818. Trade and leisure d eveloped equally, which provided with demand the manufacture. A lordly ship such as the Titanic, which has his own odd history, was a bulky example. (www.cruiseworking.com) Ships changed very little during the first half of this century. In the 1950 navalgoing vessels were primarily used to get from Point A to Point B, e specially for second- and third-class passengers, whose accommodations were in stark contrast to those in first-class staterooms.The most common voyages were transatlantic crossings from New York to London. (www.jobmonkey.com) The real blow to the cruise ship industry came in the 1960s when Boeing began selling 747s and former(a)(a) aircraft worldwide. Mean while, a global transportation internet of airports with regulated common language and air traffic controllers, in coordination with the get together States Federal Aviation Administration, was being established. As the decade came to a close, it was no longer fashionable, practical, or economical to trave l by boat.The age of the large jet had arrived. (www.jobmonkey.com) Finally, in the 1970s contributed to the idea of luxury cruise ship. Cruise ship travelers of all social classes would enjoy first-rate rooms and service. The alike(p) is true today. Gone are the days of catering for the elite, this industry is gear up for the masses and is now one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel industry (www.cruiseworking.com).4. Types of CruiserCruising can appeal to all(prenominal)one, no matter what their reckon or interests. Activities onboard range from aerobics aromatherapy, art auctions to rock climbing Cruising is attracting much families, with a wide range of childrens facilities and childcare on board. So, there are few specific types of cruises4.1 Family CruisesCruise with families is very interesting, useful and funny. This is the prominent benefit of family cruise vacations is the ability to visit many destinations without constantly boxing and unpacking, or pilin g into the car for long stretches at a time. in one case youre onboard, you dont carry to worry about a thing. Just relax and enjoy Further more than, family cruises have many activities and facilities. Cruise vacations can also make for a most memorable current customs duty Holidays-at-Sea. Cruise lines, such as Royal Caribbean offer special holiday menus, family activities, holiday-themed fun and even religious services. (See appendix A, p, , for more information), (http//www.discountcruises.com)4.2 Couples CruisesCruisers can be endlessly romantic vocations for couples. People are trying to be more notional for their wedding, honeymoon, vow renews and that is why slip by their most important and retention time in extraordinary conditions. While any of the major cruise lines offer plenty of opportunities for fun and romance, there are those who cater specifically to couples by indulging twosomes in tons of special extras. For example, Princess Cruises helps make your special cruise even more romantic with indulgent add-ons. Swoon-worthy special mapping packages include a bottle of champagne waiting in your stateroom, spa treatments, canaps or petit fours in your stateroom and more.Choose a room with a balcony and you can indulge in a lobster dinner over looking at the scintillate seas, right from the privacy of your balcony. (See vermiform process A, p 9, for more information) Norse Cruise pedigrees serve up romance right in your stateroom with couples massages that come to you. Cruise with Holland America and take a gourmet culinary lesson together. And on a Carnival Cruise, nightly live entertainment and Broadway-worthy exhibit shows abound. (http//www.discountcruises.com)4.3 Seniors CruisesThis kind of cruisers are intending for more advanced people, who will find camaraderie, bang-up times and amazing experiences while vacationing with fellow mature travelers. Also, in this section of cruising connected with differently- abled guests and gu est with medical needs. For example, Cunard is one such cruise line that welcomes mature travelers. Enrichment and lecture architectural plans let guests exercise their minds while onboard. Favorites include the Book Club, workshops on oceanography, a theatre class and more. (See Appendix A, p 10, ) Heart-healthy and delicious dining options are readily for sale on many cruise lines.In addition to Holland Americas health Conscious dining option, as part of the As You Wish dine program, guests are welcome to request any dietary needs, such as vegetarian, diabetic, gluten-free and kosher meals. However, differently-abled guests and guests with medical needs will find Celebrity Cruises instead accommodating. Those will mobility disabilities will be able to board early, have access to scooters while onboard and can take advantage of hydraulic lifts into the sauna/ puddle on direct ships. Deaf/hard of hearing guests as fountainhead as visually impaired gusts will also find that ev ery attention to detail has been made to assure a comfortable, enjoyable travel experience. (http//www.discountcruises.com)4.4 Singles CruisersNext type of cruisers is singles cruisers, which are unexpectedly different. This form of travelling for people who welcome meeting other singles and there are those who prefer solo, quiet journeys. For example, Holland America goes out of its way to make singles cruisers happy and comfortable. Join in the solo travelers welcome at the start of your cruise. The Single Partners Program features dance partner pairings, dining with other solo cruises at your request and many activities perfect for making new friends. Chose to room with another solo traveler, or indulge in a stateroom all to yourself.(See Appendix A, p 9, for more information) Princess Cruises also has an extensive program for singles cruisers. Special singles events let you easily meet your shipmates. And once you book your cruise, youll have access to an online community where you can chat with other singles cruisers before your ship departs. (http//www.discountcruises.com)4.5 Gay and Lesbian CruisersA subaltern number of cruise lines cater exclusively to gay and lesbian travelers. Also, families are also welcome on specific gay-friendly cruises. For example, GLBT cruises are perfect getaways for travelers looking to relax, have a great time and meet new people. An unimagined amount of onboard activities and entertainment awaits travelers on GLBT cruises. The fleet of RSVP Vacations ships features expansive fitness facilities, spark pools, bars and lounges, entertainment stages and luxurious spas. Atlantis Cruises are known for their legendary nightlife, with never ending dance parties and shows that feature top comedic, singing and dancing acts. (See Appendix A, p 10 for more information) (http//www.discountcruises.com)4.6 World Cruisers.The most effortless and visually appealing way to visit a variety of global destinations is with a world cruise. World cruises afford you the opportunity to take in many cultures, historic sites and beautiful views without having to constantly pack and unpack and board numerous flights. For example, Cunards luxury cruises can include three-month journeys that take you from America to the Caribbean, then to Mexico, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, Asia, Europe and beyond. The itineraries and shore excursions are as extensive and unique as the destinations you will visit. (See appendix A,p9, For more information).Princess Cruises fleet of ships that travel the world are well equipped with every creature comfort and agreeableness available. Brimming with entertainment, spacious surroundings and indulgent dining options, youll feel at home during your world journey. (See appendix A, p11, III for more information). (http//www.discountcruises.com) World cruises are largely dependent on time and money. The length of the voyage and numerous ports of call mean this vacation option is reserved for a sel ect group of cruise travelers. If time and budget allow, a world cruise can easily be your vacation of a lifetime.4.7 Luxury CruisersThe most interesting question is What is waiting on you onboard of Luxury Liner? . So, this is the perform finest bed linens, most exquisite gourmet dining options, white-glove service and the authoritative best amenities available. Elegant ballroom dancers feature guests dressed to the nines in tuxedos and gorgeous gowns. Several bars, clubs and lounges serve up fine wines and enchanting entertainment. marvellous culinary creations are presented to you by waiters expertly teach waiters. For example, Azamara Cruises also take pride in impeccable guest services and luxury amenities. gasconade one staff member per two guests, you will undoubtedly be well taken care of on Azamara Cruises. In-room spa treatments bring a bit of luxury and relaxation right to you and the onboard Wellness Consultant is available to meet with. Acupuncture at Sea is anothe r ultra-luxurious way to function stress away. (See Appendix A, p 10, II for more information). (http//www.discountcruises.com) When budget is no option, these cruises are waiting to treat you like royalty and wrap you in luxury and comfort.4.8 Cruisers to nowhere.This kind of cruisers, which is perfect for travelers who have limited time on their hands and a pretty tight budget, cruises to nowhere, are gaining popularity. Typically one or two nights in length, these cruises leave the dock and sail the irrigate without reaching another port of call. Its a great way to try out a cruise line, so to speak. For example,Carnival Cruise Lines and Norwegian Cruise Line are just two of the major cruise lines that offer these fun, quick getaways-at-sea. (See Appendix A p 11, III for more information). (http//www.discountcruises.com)5. Famous Cruise Lines around the World.There are a few but famous cruise lines around the world. They are supplying with first comfort and high standards of s ervice. Some of them may have worldwide reputations while others may be known only in certain geographic areas that they visit often. Whatever the repute of the individual cruise line, one fixings that passengers like is the kind of experience they get, which more than meets their individual needs and lifestyles(www.hobby.vocaboly.com).5.1 American Cruise LinesAmerican Cruise Lines are for those people who interested to visit several of exotic destinations across United States. This cruise can take travelers to cosmopolitan cities, as well as visit contrary islands that broadcast the coastline of the country to cosmopolitan cities, as well as visit remote islands that dot the coastline of the country (www.hobby.vocaboly.com). (See Appendix A,12, IV for more information. In addition, there are a lot of experts on board, who let passengers into history and disposition of locality.5.2 Cunard Cruise LineCanard Cruise Line is very famous. Traditional luxury crossings, which began in 1840, went a step further when the Queen Mary II was launched in 2004 to become the flagship known as The Most Famous Ocean Liner in the World. This is the tallest, longest, largest, and most expensive ocean liner in the world and boasts of unparalleled amenities and accommodations. (www.hobby.vocaboly.com).5.3 Disney Cruise LineDisney Cruise Line, for those who in hope for family experience, which suggest passengers packages and activities that meet their unique needs. This cruise line is possess and operated by the dream makers, Disney, and it sails to the Bahamas, and has land and sea vacation packages that include a stay at the Walt Disney Resort (http//hobby.vocaboly.com/288/famous-cruise-lines-around-the-world/). (See Appendix A,12, IV for more information)5.5 Princess Cruises LinePrincess Cruise Line is global cruise and tour company, which well-known in United States. The main advantage of Princess is variety of options for passengers. Different kind of dining, activities a nd facilities. This cruise line serves most of the countries of the world, and it has a strong presence in the United States as well( (http//hobby.vocaboly.com/288/famous-cruise-lines-around-the-world/).6. Cruise facts and statisticsAccording to data of Cruise connexion, the passengers of cruise linesIn cruising more interestedThe most popular nationalities areThe most popular visitors areCruisers primarily travel with 80% of cruise passengers think that cruising is an important vehicle for sampling destination to which they may retrovert. Cruisers indicate their return for land-based vocations as followsCruisers spend, approximately 1,770 $ per person per week and other vacations as compared to non-cruise vacationers who spend an average of 1,200$7. RecommendationsAccording to our researches for this report, we can give you some recommendations for cruise tourism ,which you can find below 1) Cruise agencies should be more promoted for the tourists. They can use all the resources, for example TV companies, Radio and Mass Media. 2) bettor marketing through journals, newspapers, magazines and publicity, of course. 3) In some countries, cruise tourism need to pay more many for personal. 4) Government should be more creative and supportive in developing of cruise tourism. 5) The army, soldiers and officers should be more trained and experienced in cruise subject field. 6) Science and factories should step together nowadays. We are in need of new ideas and future plans.8. Conclusion.In this report we discussed the most important and interesting information about cruise tourism. We began from explanation of term ofcruise tourism. The second stage was the history. We started with the first shipping company to offer a scheduled passenger service from the United States to England was the Black Ball in 1818 and continued with cruise tourism industry nowadays.We examine the the types of cruisers and continued world famous cruise lines. According Cruise Association we showed the facts and statistics data. The results have shown that people are very interested in cruise travelling. Moreover we gave some recommendations that were dedicated from the answers on the questions asked by the author. To sum up, we should keep an eye on that cruise tourism is a very popular and developing sphere and we have to be always in search of new ideas and creations in it.

Assess the view that, in today’s society, the family losing it’s functions?

There are many sociologists who hasten many different views on the family and the functions that they require. For example, George Murdock and Talcott Parsons who are functionalists. The warm bath possibility and feminists.A famous sociologist who looked at the family is Murdock he suasion that the nuclear family was universal. He came to recall that the family had four main functions economic the family pool their resources and share financial responsibility, internal a male and female relationship that is socially accepted inside society, reproduction spouses reproduce and have children, educational the family conducts the shared norms and values of society. This surmise however has its critics, it is outdated and other structures within society, such as, banks, benefits, schools and adoption displace take over to help the family perform its functions.Another functionalist is Parsons, he believed that families were to fulfil deuce basic irreducible functions the primary socialisation of children this was important to Parsons because he thought that everyone should know the shared norms and values of society and a child begins to learn at a very young age at home. Without this thither would be no consensus and without this a social life would not be possible as people would not know how to act and recognise people in a respectable way. The second function is the stabilisation of adult personalities unstable personalities washbowl threaten the smooth-running and stability of society. Parsons believed that having a family can help support the adults and help them stay grounded.

Brand management. Dove Essay

1) wherefore does Unilever want fewer nocks?First of all lets gear up what we mean does blade mean? I turnk brand is the practical, excited, or instinctual response that is stimulated in the brain by a harvest-time or participation. Brand is the visualise and discovering that get to people minds and police wagon when they hear, smell, see and think of your get word, increase, and benefit. A brand may identify cardinal item, a family of items, or all items of that seller. If employ for the firm as a safe and sound, the preferred term is trade name. Unilever wants fewer brands because it takes time, energy and resources to manage to individually one brand. The more brands you brandish, the more resources you expend. In addition, brands compete with other brands for mental accepted estate in the customers mind. So, Unilever needs to take up fewer brands, hardly these brands have to be stronger. Also, Global decentralization brought problems of go for to the company and its portfolio had grown is a relatively laissez-faire manner and that prevails Unilever has lacked of global identity.2) What was plunges foodstuff status in the 1950s? What is its stance in 2007? In the 1950s, descends position was a functionally superior cleanser than gook, touch on on science. Today, go down is transforming into a lifestyle brand, bear on on an emotional connection opi overboldeen consumer/ crossway. In the 1950s squabs locating was ground on the functional superiority of its products and go downs position was a functionally superior cleanser than soap, centered on science. Since the construction for the soap had come from military research conducted to find a non-irritating strip down cleaner with high levels of vivid skin, dove did non call their product soap. The advertisements clearly conveyed that squab was one-quarter cleansing cream and further fortify this incident visually with photographs that showed cream being poured into a tab let. Thus their positioning in the 1950s was just based on conveying the benefits of go down as a moisturizing agent and a cleanser.However, Dove changed its positioning in 2007. A reason for this change was the p arent Unilevers initiative path to Grow. Under this initiative Unilever wanted to reduce the diversity of its brands and operate down the quash of brands from 1600 to 400. Unilever had selected Dove as one of its portfolio of brands that would serve as Masterbrand. Each of these Masterbrands would be an umbrella identity over a draw of product forms. Under this cutting initiative, Dove was transforming into a lifestyle brand, centered on an emotional connection between consumer and product. This meant that Dove is no daylong communicating functional superiority as functionality meant diametrical things in different categories.3) How did Unilever organize to do product category management and brand management in Unilever before 2000? What was the corresponding structure after 2000? How was brand substance keepled before 2000 and how is it controlled at the time of this case? Throughout the years, Dove has unploughed a consistency with their appreciation for natural women. However, their style of messaging has changed. From accenting the functional benefit of a moisture rich cleansing obstacle and having the product sell itself, Ogilvy and Mather advertising agency has created a life full point of confidence for the natural women. They rely on more edgy concepts, though maintaining respect to the product and mission statement. On other word, before 2000, Unilevers brand management strategy was decentralized and apprizenibalistically capitalistic, pushing each brand manager to compete with in-house brands. After 2000, organizationally Dove sought to thin the herd and focus on building super-brands. Prior to 2000, the meaning of Dove was simple and aspirational soap that would not dry your skin. After 2000, Dove used emotional stimulu s to implant the product deep in the customers minds. Dove became a statement of who you are, so one of the sizable differences between indeed and now is the additional availability of options to communicate a branded meat to consumers.4) Spend a little time searching blogs, using Google blog Search, Technorati, BlogRunner, or any other blog search engines, to get a sense of what people are saying about Dove directly. What does this interchange (your blog search) contribute to the meaning of the brand? There is around cast of political or social essence included in their advertisements of the corpo authoritative mantrap effort, which heat up discussions on the Internet. On the blogs, I feel in that respect are mostly negative critics about Dove. However, this is with regard to their advertisements so it means the reactions are about the message included in it, not specifically about the products. In addition, Dove does not include its products in the advertisements o f the campaign.Among the blogs, Dove is perceived as a brand which tries to express what the mean(a) women looks like. Dove emphasizes on true dishful and naturalness, which concerns a true scrap by expressing this in its advertisements. To some people it is appealing while for some others it is not.This comes forth out of believe that the women in the advertisements are not really natural at that place is some distrust among a group of customers when it comes to dark possibility of chuckting on make-up and using Photoshop in the advertisements. This is what the discussions on blogs can result in it can generate distrust as well as trust of the Dove brand among people and/or customers and I want to focus on two factors here forecast building Once I typed the term Dove, thousands of posts come out. No matter the comment is good or bad, the more the posts are. From different bloggers, there are different point of views for this brand which provide consumers a whole scope of a p roduct. And if enunciate comment for a famous blogger, his sluggish comments not only impress consumers but also even pack them into buying Doves products more. Second, Brand identification Besides ingratiatory comments from famous bloggers which make customers devote to it, most discussions are usually customers reviews based on their personal experiences and usually follow a product scalawag or a link connected to purchasing pages.In fact, these manikin of reviews are almost good words, but even though clear-sighted that the reviews are over exaggerated, customers still identify with Dove unconsciously and furthermore purchase instantly. I believe it is hard to know the effect on the sales of the Dove products and it is not clear, the discussions mainly focus on the message of the advertisement campaigns. In the end, the discussions generate favorable and unfavorable arguments for the Dove brand. The ambit of women in advertisements is a sensitive subject among women in t he world. The term beauty captures many different meanings among people and therefore it is a topic, which can organize to endless discussions. Moreover, for Dove this means that it is not perceived as solely a brand for products however, also as a brand which tries to make people aware of the impact of brands and its advertisements in general. Finally, I think they should have focused in both genders or mentioned how males can affect womens decision-making.5) Footnote 1 of the case leads you to a blogger who asks, with reference to the age of YouTube advertising, Is grocery storeing now cheap, fast and out of control? Footnote 2 refers to Dove as having started a conversation that they dont have control of. In When Tush comes to Dove Seth Stevens writes about the uncollectible bet that Dove is making. Do You see risks for the Dove Brand today Summery Dove consider as the worlds number one brand for health and beauty product sector. In the erstwhile(prenominal) it has built it s success on innovating products such as its early tummy bar with moisturizing cream, which was quite a revolution on the soap market at that time. Doves marketing strategy since 1957 and the launch of the kickoff cleansing bar was to communicate on the functional superiority of its product (no dry sensation) over traditional soap. It was a great success that do the brand the leader on this market. But as I read it in the case, Dove became a masterbrand of Unilever in 2000, which started to sale many health and beauty product (deodorants, body pilingions, hair care, etc) under the brand name of Dove. Thats why Dove had to change its advertising strategy. Marketing could no longer base its strategy on the functional superiority of its soap but had to communicate on a wider message.Thats when Dove started with its Campain for real beauty and builds the show of a brand with ideas and point of view on the society. Dove had always preferred natural-looking women for its ads rather t han stereotypical models but each time, it was only to fire the benefits of Dove products. In this campaign, it was the first time they promote controversial message against the common image of womens beauty. They communicated on the natural beauty (provided by Dove products) instead of unreachable and fake beauty that you can see in the majority of advertisement. This controversial marketing campaign had a huge success in terms of media coverage but some people talked about the risks taken by Dove in opening a social debate that they couldnt control and the fact that they might get the image of the fat people brand which could put them in an uncomfortable marketing position. First of all, Dove made this die hard of ads to discuss about the common image of beauty in our society. They were fetching position as they present themselves as the leader of a involvement against non-natural and unreachablebeauty. It is a good way to build the image of a brand that has a point of view an d cares about womens problems beyond the need of the product itself (lack of self-esteem, etc). They made some TV ads that to launch the roll and it worked better than expected as the media started to talk about a new social debate and some TV shows mention it as ethnic phenomenon.Then they posted videos on YouTube. After a quick and king-sized spread on the web, the message took another dimension as bloggers and assemblys users start to talk about it. Thats where the risks has begun. As Doves message was diffused widely, it was getting harder and harder to control the content of it and the image it wanted to promote. I think the only field where it is risky is for the non-potential consumers that can speak in a bad way about the brand and then change the mind of the potential consumers. As is mentioned in the case, both controversial message is dangerous if you can no longer control it. Some voices started to see Dove as the brand for fat women and axiom the no-aspiration aspe ct in Doves advertising. There were a lot of parodies done on the ads and some of them were real critical about Unilever craft and real motives. Though Unilever was very careful about public relations, there was a risk with this campaign of losing the power of delivering a clear image and message.To conclude, I think that if I could find some risks in this strategy, the benefits of it are far more numerous. . I do not consider it risky for Dove to put an advertisement campaign in this way. Because using this new way of distributing their advertisements only enhances the brand awareness and the attachment and loyalty of customers of the Dove brand. Also, They successfully touched many people in a very short time and, above all, besides the first TV and criterion ads, this campaign grew up hugely without costing a thing, which is an amazing payoff and smart act. TV shows and debate, as well as Internet public exposure were doing the work for it. I think their strategy is not a bi g problem for the brands image if we compare it to all Doves sales and financial results.

Elie Wiesel’s “Night” and Roberto Benigni’s “ Life is Beautiful” Analysis

In both Elie Wiesels Night and Roberto Benignis Life is delightful the element ofchance played a major role in the outcome of each character. It impacts the paths of eachfamily in negative and positive bearings. Throughout each familys time in the concentrationcamps they atomic number 18 so heavily influenced by greed, anger and corruption that without the role ofchance, believe and love surviving would feature been impossible. With displays of unknowinglyrunning from the enemy to haphazard being selected by the enemy, chance changes theirlives forever.In the beginning of Life Is Beautiful Guidos son Giosue refuses to take a bath for hismother. This later turns out to be a positive impact of chance on this little boy. In theconcentration camp Giosue is asked to strip and take a shower which would have actuallybeen a gas shower intending to kill him.Instead he runs remove and hides and does not get intothat shower. Similarly in the book Night, Eliezers tiro is selected to be killed becauseof his emaciated and malnourished body in the Buna labour camp. Luckily at that place was asecond selection among the condemned which allowed him to go back to the barracks.Both of these examples delineate a positive outcome of chance that lead to their success inthe camps.When The Germans received news of the Russians advancing into the Buna camp theystarted killing everyone. At this point in the book Eliezer is in the infirmary due to a footinjury. When the Russians got even closer the entire camp was evacuated and most were slaughtered.In tending of being killed Eliezer and his father joined the evacuation even though ELiezer was still hurt. Little did they know that if they had stayed in the infirmary they would have been rescued by the russians days later. This negative impact of chance prevented Eliezers father from surviving the holocaust.

Antigone Right V. Right Essay

A famous German philosopher named Hegel claimed, At the heart of the classical tragedy is the spectacle of correct vs. veracious. The central idea of the tragedies was not about who was right and wrong, because those two would be effortless to separate from each other, but on who was considered the intimately right, which would many times be difficult to tell apart. passim the tragic play, Antig cardinal, written by the ancient Greek playwright, Sophocles, Antigone was proven to be the most right. This can be verified since Antigone decided to bind the gods equity over Creons law, and the punishment that she received from Creon was far in addition un sightly.Antigone does what is ethical by pursuing what would be right in accordance to the gods, not in accordance to Creon. Creon believed that Polyneices did not deserve to be buried. Before Antigone is direct to dies, she tells Creon, You will remember / What things I suffer, and at whats mens hands / Because I would not tra nsgress the laws of heaven (4.78-80). When it lists to order of importance, the gods should be much valued, because they always will know what is right for the people.Those who follow the gods rules much often will most likely make the better last. As Aristotle once said, valet reason is the most godlike part of human nature, a support guided by human reason is brilliant to any other. level(p)tually, even Creon himself comes to the trueization that he was wrong when he says, The laws of the gods are mighty, and a man must serve them / To the last day of his life (5.108-109) The gods are a powerful force, and if more people are meant to follow them. Honoring the gods is something significant, especially during ancient Greece. Even though Antigone did make the decision of breaking Creons laws, her punishment was not at all fair.Even if one were to say that Antigone did the wrong thing, it is ambitious to argue that the penalty should not have been as brutal. When discussing this situation with his father, Haemon informs Creon of his horizons, They say no woman has ever, so unreasonably / Dies so shameful a final stage for a unstinted act (3.63-64). Antigone wanted to do what was best for Polyneices, to make sure that his death will be as much of an honor as the one of his own brother. And for doing for what she, as well as many other citizens, thought was the most proper thing to do, she was unfairly sentenced to death.Antigone, also before sledding for her punishment, speaks of Creon, But if the guilt / Lies upon Creon who judged me, then I pray / May his punishment equal my own (4.68-70). She knows that she made the most moral decision, so the real punishment will eventually go who have misjudged her, Creon in this case. This did come true, when Creons life when turned into a catastrophe when his son and wife, Haemon and Eurydice, two committed suicide after admitting that they could not possibly live with somebody who was so cruel to someone w ho was innocent. It was a law unreasonable, so it merit to have been broken.While it is true that anarchy comes from many citizens deciding to move up against the law, the law that Antigone broke was worthy of breaking. Creon tried to reason his punishment by saying, If I permit my own family to rebel / How shall I earn the populations obedience? (3.30-31) It is true that Creon and his family should abide to the laws in order to narrow down an example for his state, but not a law as unjust as that one. There should be exceptions to certain laws, if there is proof that it was the most ethical choice.He also tried to make this decision be rational by stating, Of all the people in this city, only she / Has had scorn for my was and broken it (3.24-25). Actually, Creon is incorrect with making this statement. Many citizens have said that they wear thint believe in Creons decision, but are too afraid of being punished if they choose to stand up for Antigone. Considering the conco mitant that Creon is meant to be a representation of the people he is leading, he should not have been so ignorant to everyone else, and let Antigone free. In this battle of right vs. right, Antigone was shown to be the most justified.All in all, Antigone had made the most reasonable choices, in comparison to Creon. Not only had she chose the gods over Creon, she also suffered an undeserved punishment. Nowadays, we come across sever right vs. right situations, and sometimes it is hard to tell what the better decision is. Learning to separate these from early on will help others make the best choice when problems become more difficult. Human nature has a harder time making the distinction, so it is all important(predicate) to realize the difference when we have problems that require this amount of thought.

Eulogy: Love and Long Remember Desdemona

I would like to start by thanking Desdemonas family who hand travelled from Venice to be here like a shot, and to completely her loyal friends here in Cyprus for your unwavering support during this difficult time. Many of you may be offended by my appearance here today, but to that I will say, I was blind by my intense love for Desdemona and that love is as healthy now as it was the day I married her. We will all long remember Desdemona as a generous and devoted wife and friend. She had a childlike spirit that could shine light into the darkest day.As Desdemonas husband I love and wanted to show her how ofttimes she meant to me, and in that I failed. She was a very significant person to all of us here, along with so many others. She was such an intrinsic part in each of our lives that it will be long before she is ever forgotten. As her husband, we sh ared a relationship which was from the start one of loyalty and trust.. As a young and exquisitely beautiful woman she was also impeach of many things that I now come to believe untrue. Desdemona was born on 22 April 1603 in Venice to senator, Brabantio, with whom she is now reunited.She was a humble woman who was hard-working, congregating and had a very strong belief in God. Today we mournfully remember the naive Desdemona and the sadistic death she suffered, at my hands. As we are saddened by Desdemonas passing it is difficult for us to think of continue look without her. Today we to reflect upon my darling Desdemonas life and the virtues, achievements and qualities she showed us day by day. She was admired by both men and women for her rely nature, her intelligence, loyalty to both myself and her father. Desdemona was one to al elbow rooms see the good in others and support them no matter what.Like many here today she was a woman, but through no fault of her own she customarily received unfair treatment. I treated her unfairly a way no person should be treated i should have trusted her as she woul d trust me. A friend would tell me how women are artful and were seductresses. However Desdemona was the complete opposite She was pure, and kind hearted. Desdemona was devoted and truly spiritless to her father. She merely did defy him once in her life an that was when she said i do to me. And her husband as long as she lived.When she was nearing the end of her life, I am saddened to say that she was accused of many things, things which I should have cognize not to be true. Such a quiet and unassuming person, the engaging Desdemona deserved much better treatment than this and this is where I failed her. She never seemed to eat up in amazing me, even though she had been through so much she still maintained a forgiving and positive attitude towards life. Desdemona has foregone home now, guided by her faith and by the light of those whom she has loved and lost. She will be forever remembered for her kind and loving soul.As Desdemona leaves us broken-hearted with her passing, we can be thankful for the memories she has left in our hearts. My hope is that she forgives the habit I had to play in her demise, as a man blinded by trust I listened when I should have felt with my heart, I believed the words of another when I always knew the truth within myself. I did not understand the ways of women i was rather accustomed only to the battlefield and the world of men. I will have to endure life without her because of my mistakes and my blindness. God Bless Desdemona and may she rest in perpetual peace.

Amin Maalouf’s Idea Essay

My understanding of Amin Maaloufs concept on identity is that human identity is base on an individuals environment. He defines identity into both categories. One that is inherited through our elders and heathen beliefs vertical, and another that exist according to our generational influence, horizontal. The two categories create our identity as a human and is the source of our behavior. My ingest with the vertical heritage is my belief in Christianity.My ancestors and the community I was brocaded in have traditionally taught me to celebrate religious holidays like Christmas and Easter. I also grew up in a small neighborhood with Christian peers. They have influenced the way I behave and interact by dower to shape my morals. My experience with the horizontal is the communities I have been introduced to, such as, the general and private work environments. They have broadened my personality with their social aspects. One congresswoman of what Maalouf is saying is my switch from public to private school.My personality was much divers(prenominal) in public school than it was in private. In my public school the social standard for academic progress was average. The fact that there was no assigned dress code distracted me because I would attempt to ingrain others with my appearance. This influenced my train of thought, behavior and ultimately my identity, until I was placed into a different setting. When I made the switch to private school the distraction of smell different was taken away, and expectations were higher.My surrounding influenced me again and I became more centre on things that nationaled and more questionable of my beliefs. What I gained from both these settings was my horizontal inheritance. For example, the unison that I listen to and the hobbies I enjoy. Maaloufs point is that no matter your vertical, your horizontal has a bigger affect on your identity, and since the horizontal is based on contemporaries, you are based on the subjects rough you. He points by that there is a gap between what we think we are and what we genuinely are in reality.We may know we are different notwithstanding what we dont realize is in reality we are exclusively becoming alike through arguing are differences. I recall this is a magnificent insight on identity. Mankind changes the world around us and if we all do the same, we end up in apiece others world. We are becoming more and more identical to each other through compromise from arguing our differences because we learn to equal with each other. When we accept differences they soon force norms, and once they are norms, they become a standard. I agree with Amin Maaloufs concept on identity.

Cyrus the Great Essay

Cyrus go on his expansion by moving west and conquered Croesus of Lydia in 546 BCE and order it transgress and ruled by satraps. Continuing to move west, he conquered the Chaldean pudding stone of Babylon in 538 BCE of whom was led by King Nabonidus. Cyrus expansion continued to the Aegean Sea, where he had acquired several Greek metropolis-states in Anatolia and had turn them over to satraps. His successors would ulterior unsuccessfully try to conquer Greece. His empire also continued eastmost to the Indus River V eachey, where he eventually met his demise and the end of his empire. He had several capitals throughout his massive empire including Persepolis, Susa, Babylon, and Pasargadae, where he is buried to this day. Woodard 2The key factor in that made Cyrus rule much more successful than previous and emerging leaders was the way he treated the conquered parts of his empire. He was know has a great leader even according to Herodotus, who compared him quite favourably to other Persian rulers. Herodotus said it is because of this fixing of tribute by Darius and other interchangeable ordinances that the Persians called Darius the merchant, Cambyses the master and Cyrus the father  for Darius made petty profit out of everything, Cambyses was jolting and arrogant, Cyrus was merciful and always worked for their easily-being.?Many accounts of his kindness were kept in the Cyrus Cylinder. The cylinder is written in Babylonian script stating that Marduk, the city-god of Babylon, had looked for a promoter to restore Babylon to its old ways, and chose Cyrus, King of Persia, and declared him king of the world. ? Marduk ordered Cyrus to rule over the tribes of Iran justly, and to march on Babylon which was uncontested, and the King of Babylon surrendered and the battalion of Babylon rejoiced for Cyrus as their king.Cyrus had set himself apart from other rulers by compromising with his empire quite a than forcing his entire will on them. He acc omplished this by allowing people that had been moved from their homeland to return, most notably allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem subsequently Nebuchadnezzar had them exiled and held captive in Babylon.? On top of them returning, Cyrus also encouraged them to remodel their temple, which was also one of his finer qualities. During his conquests, he would allow the people to pass off their religions and cultural differences, while allowing them to part of the Persian Empire.While Cyrus did allow these freedoms, he also was able to create an empire-wide trade network as well as a commanding Woodard 3 army due to an boilersuit agenda that allowed him to keep his people happy while allowing his empire to expand. By allowing the Jews to return home and build a temple, he knew fortifications would be construct in order to protect the border of his empire. This also allowed for a pilot between the empire and Egypt.He also was able to utilize the Phoenicians by using their trad e network to gain access to Egypts resources in exchange for being a part of the Persian Empire. His eventual ruining came during his conquests in the Indus River Valley. According to Ctesias, he fought against the Derbici, a central- Asian tribe, who were assisted by the Indians, and they wounded him with a spear.? He was taken back to the capital city of Persepolis to die peacefully. Another account by Herodutus claims that Cyrus was at battle with the Massagetae, and he was knocked off his horse by Tomyrus, the queen of the Massagatae. She then cut his spike off with a single slice.Due to these, the exact cause of Cyrus close cannot be determined, though he was buried in Pasargadae. ? Throughout all of the rulers in the Ancient World, Cyrus the Great was one of the most successful because he knew how to be a benevolent ruler. Instead of being demanding and risking rebellions, he knowledgeable how to compromise with his people, and allow them to have freedom while still having control, which in the end led to one of the greatest empires built to this day.

Hitchcock began his career in filming Essay

Hitchcock began his career in shoot downing in the 1920s. Later on he became a director, this involved changing the script or have got into a film. Hitchcock used his own method of preparing the order of shots before filming, as he preconceived each shot in Psycho, ensuring that the accent was built up in a dramatic manner with a purpose, which make him very successful and led to a huge success. Hitchcock ready ways to overcome censorship laws against nudity, sex and violence.He shot the film in black and white to conceal flesh/blood. Music was created to take a shit up up an atmosphere of contempt to kill, also to make the audience incur relaxed to increase the shock of certain events. The shower scene was shot in 76 cuts So that the protagonists arms and other objects would cover up her breasts. Hitchcocks, nearly impressive technique was to suggest violence instead of showing it, which made it much more dramatic. Hitchcock used techniques, which later became known as Hitchc ockean techniques.He tries to emphasise a characters view by sole(prenominal) having one person in a shot or relating the select to the audience. Placing objects around the room to show characters characteristics and builds up certain ideas. Hitchcock used an ongoing theme of death through out the film, using stairs to support life at the bottom and death at the top, which instantly creates tenseness as soon as a shot with stair is shown. The bandage begins with Marion having an affair with Sam.She is sick of sneaking around with him and is sick of her job. So one day when her boss gives her money to deposit in the bank, which she keeps for herself and decides to run away(p) to her boyfriend, the audience have related to Marion and because of this do not designate that she has through anything wrong. When se is on the road she is followed by a police officer so part-exchanges her car for a new one, the audience starts to think that she will get caught and start to hope that she doesnt.She then continues on her journey, just now gets lost in the rain. She arrives at the Bates Motel and decides to stay there the night. She meets the owner, Norman Bates who seems a nice man, although a little nervous (to scared to say bathroom. ). He offers her tea, but his mother objects so they secretly eat in the bet on room. The audience have related with Marion and because of this are also unsure this helps to build up the suspense at a key point in the films.Marion then goes to have a shower, but unknowingly is watched through a peephole. She is then killed by a mystery figure, the audience then odour shocked that the main character has died. Norman finds the body and forgets about it. stock-still Marions sister and Sam want to find out where she has gone(p) so hire a private detective, who leads them to the bates motel. Psycho begins with the normal (a bulky city. ) and draws slowly into the abnormal (Norman and his disturbed mother. )

Haitian Vodou Essay

Vodou, A Haitian theology deeply rooted in colonialism stems from several(prenominal) African sources, which have constructed and maintained a hybrid Africana and European diaspora in the Caribbean. In an effort to preserve African tradition and uncanny depression, hard workers in Haiti prior to the Haitian Revolution of 1791, establi toss out and developed the abstruse organized religion enduren as Vodou. As Vodou became a more big(p) shot of slave rageure in Haiti the hybridization between traditional Africana religion and European religion fashi stard a new establishment of belief.The fusion of Catholicism from Europe and African religions make up one of the most influential religions in Haiti today, in point Vodou conform tos an imperative single-valued function in Haitian life. In addition to having a tremendous sum on Haitian ghostly coiffures, Vodou likewise plays a fundament eachy great portion in driving Haitian politics, frugal science, comm accord, and social relations. From a pupil and non-Haitian perspective I bring ink to accomplish fellowship on how Vodou has and continues to play a detrimental role in every construction of Haitian life.Through analyzing and cross- enquiry of several school texts it appears that without boundaries Vodou is meaning(a). Before delving into how Vodou effects nearly every aspect of Haitian deliriumure I would like to first analyze the immenseness of lowstanding the roots and origin of a belief and practice that has execute such a prominent aspect of Haitian life. In the ordinal century the slave trade in Haiti ushered in a get of African slaves from various conclaves. These groups of African people brought with them to Haiti their traditions, beliefs, and modus vivendis.In Haitian Vodou of Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the actors state that the slave trade was in fact the European modal value of life of destroying all cultural connections to the homelands of the slaves (Ferna ndez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 101). European slave owners and slave traders thought it demand to force European ideals and beliefs onto their slaves, ridding and dismantling the beliefs and tradition of their native land. In this obeisance the slave trade played a significant role in the creation of Vodou, catalyzing Afro-European syncretism into a new belief scheme.Vodou began as a way for slaves to hold on to their cultural beliefs, and helped refute the impositions of Catholic religion that the cut attempted to employ, as they saw it necessary to condition African slaves to their lifestyle (102). In my persuasion Afro-European syncretism is one of the more complex and intriguing religious developments as it pertains to Vodou. In Voodoo Africas Secret supply antecedent Gert Chesi describes the fusion of African and European culture stating that slaves brought with them the gods of Africa to the Caribbean where they then blended with the Saints and other(a) Catholic and Christian symbols (Chesi 231).The imposition of Catholic and Christian beliefs by Europeans onto African slaves made it nearly impossible for African slaves to remain entirely prone to their home land beliefs and traditions. African slaves in Haiti adopted Vodou as a means of maintaining their traditional beliefs, however, Christian and Catholic ideals were still classical influential factors in the establishment of Vodou. The spirits often associated with Vodou known, as Lwa are kindred to Saints in the Catholic Church.Slaves in Haiti dealt with the pressures of forcibly having to adapt to European religion by integrating their belief system with that of the European belief system. I think that Slaves in Haiti used Vodou as a stabilizing factor in Haitian culture. The ritual and practice that developed through and through and through the desegregation of European tradition with African tradition ensures that African tradition go forth remain considerably significant regardle ss of the fact that Europeans once essay to dismantle African tradition and impose Western tradition on those slaves living in Haiti. Vodou serves as a mechanism for passing on tradition from generation to generation.In Voodoo Truth and Fantasy the generator states that Vodou has emerged as a vibrant cultural force in 21st century Haiti (Hurbon 126). This statement supports the idea that Vodou has and continues to have a role in Haitian life and Haitian culture. Vodou has undoubtedly helped restore an almost confounded identity to African slaves in Haiti, and has allowed generation after generation to know and understand the beliefs of the homeland from which their ancestors originated. The foundation of umteen Haitian affairs whitethorn not be solely rooted in Vodou, however, the religion holds clog in many political spheres throughout Haiti.Starting from the moment of its development, Vodou has been politically important to Haiti. In fact, its very creation resulted from var ious political, cultural, and religious struggles for license (33). After analyzing the roots of Vodou it has become quite apparent that Vodou played an important role during Haitis revolutionary rate of flow. During and before the Haitain revolution Vodou was used as a means of protecting and politicizing the interest of Haitian slaves. From that time antecedent Haitian people have continued to use Vodou as a political tool to protect their interests and assets.Vodou has indeed been subjected to persecution at the achieves of both Church and state leaving many non-believers and outsiders to attri hardlye negative connotations to Vodou as a whole (117). In 1835 Vodou began to publically suffer from political ostracizing under president Jean-Pierre Boyer who passed a penal figure that called for the imprisonment of six months to two years for followers of Vodou practicing superstitious act (118). It peckms to me that the reason behind the prohibition on Vodou practices not o nly stemmed from political issues occurring at the time, but in addition from past political experiences in Haiti.Hurbon does not mention Boyers reasoning behind implementing a penal code, therefore allowing one to devise whether or not Boyer, although Haitian had ties to France. The reason I bring this touch to light is because for one, Jean-Pierre Boyer sounds relatively French and secondly Boyer implemented a code that put restrictions on a religion that has roots deep in spite of appearance African culture. In addition to dealing with the idea of possible imprisonment, if caught practicing Vodou, Haitians besides faced the possibility of abandoning and giving up the African culture and belief that was associated with Vodou.In response to government restrictions close to Haitians created secret societies in wander to keep the bonds of Vodou ritual and ties to kinship in motion. In 1957 President Francois Duvalier withal known as Papa Doc started a political renewal for Vo dou (118). Duvaliers involvement in Vodou was for the soul purpose of engaging the Lwa through ceremonies in order to gain the Lwas good will and also to visible radiation enthusiasm in those who practice Vodou. Papa Docs government activity marked a period characterized by dark magic and sorcery.This period in Haitian history displays the negative aspects often associated with Vodou. In my opinion President Francois Duvaliers understanding of Vodou curtails from misinterpretation and misuse. Duvalier did not seem to chain of mountains the reasoning behind certain Vodou rituals and ceremonies, using them only as a way to advance himself politically. During Duvaliers reign Haiti saw tremendous political change resulting from the misunderstanding or misuse of Vodou. On one hand Jean-Pierre Boyer refused to let any one in Haiti practice Vodou because of the negative connotations contact the religion.On the other hand Francois Duvalier used Vodou to bolster his political appeal, whi ch take down the meaning and reasoning behind the ceremonies and rituals performed by those who practiced and truly silent and appreciated the meaning that those Vodou acts carry. In Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the authors mention that within Vodou practices the mind communicators that draw konesans or connaissance/knowledge are the Oungand and the Manbo (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 107). The Oungand and the Manbo are believed to receive knowledge passed down from the Lwa.The Oungand and the Manbo act as political leaders and have country-bred political power within their own community because the ability to legislate with the Lwa is looked up to. In Michel Laguerres defy Voodoo and Politics the author states that Francois Duvalier used the political power of the Oungand and the Manbo to establish legitimacy among those who practiced Vodou (Laguerre 87). instantly Vodou can be represented in popular culture as dark, sadistic, and involving many acts of super stition, denying it a position central to Haitian culture.However, despite the misconceptions environ Vodou today many religious works are carried out by Haitian elites. This goes to show yet other transformation in Haitian politics, and Vodous role in shaping a new system of life. From my examination of the texts that emphasized Vodous relationship to Haitian politics I have concluded that Vodou does in fact affect politics in Haitian communities and Haiti as a whole. The relationship between Vodou and Haitian economics is a long-standing phenomenon that has existed prior to the Haitian revolution in 1791 and continues to exist today.The slave trades influence on the creation of Vodou links the existence of the religion and also the economics involved between masters and sellers of slaves. During this time the Haitian frugality was being stimulated by the slave trade. As the slaves grew weary, a cast of rebellions occurred and Vodou greatly affected the plantation economy that the Haitian people before were forced into. According to Omos and Gerbert, the economy in Haiti shifted from one of plantation to that of a rural economy of subsistent farmers working their own lands (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 103).Vodou practices and rituals play an important role in shaping and maintaing Haitian economics. The initiation and sacrificial rituals performed by many Vodou sects involve a great amount of financial sacrifice (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 117). From my examination of several texts, including that of Olmos and Gerbet I have concluded that readying for the many Vodou festivals, initiations, and tabernacle gatherings are intensive and call for many financial sacrifices from those who may already be financially unstable. Animal sacrifice plays an important role in the finances of Haitian people.In Voodoo Africas Secret Power the author, Gert Chesi, included various photographs of Haitian Vodou sacrifices and rituals. Many of the phot ographs throughout Chesis book showed the sacrificing of cattle, sheep, and chicken. The cross-examination of various texts did not leave me with much information on the Haitian economy as it related to Vodou, however, I was able to infer that the economic sacrifices made by Haitian people were performed in order to obtain personal advancements or for the betterment of the community as a whole. whatever sacrifices were performed to win the protection and trust of the Lwa spirits, and some sacrifices were performed in hopes that the Lwa would shed some rain to strengthen planation production. I think that the Haitian economy and the Vodou religion are dependent on each other. The dependency I see in the relationship stems from the fact that without an economy like the one in Haiti, Vodou would not be as prominent or even significant to the Haitian people. The economy as it is creates a buffer for Vodou as a religion.The economy allows for Haitians to use their beliefs and connection s with the spirits to envoke hope, or optimism that the plantation life in Haiti will somehow flourish. This claim can be supported through the existence of rituals performed for protection, knowledge, and even rainfall. In Hurbons, Olmos and Geberts, Chesis, Laguerre and Michels and metalworkers commentarys of Vodou in Haitian culture one thing is for certain, Vodou has and continues to influence communities through and through. In Chesis pictorial account of Vodou in Haiti one can see pictures of various ways that the religion is linked to community.In one picture, Chesi captured a ritual being performed near a beach where one person was having a ritual performed on him (ritual not clear from picture) while wads of his Vodou community member looked on and supported him. What puzzles me the most is how instinctual and ritualized Vodou actually is. Chesis pictures show dozens and dozens of Haitian people flocking to support another Vodou practice, but for what reason? Why do thes e members feel so obligated(predicate) to one another?From my observation the answer to this question comes from the simple fact that Vodou needs a sense of community mong its members to remain relevant. It was from the simple hunger to keep tradition relevant that Vodou stemmed, so it appears to me that the idea of community or family has been long standing, even deep within Vodous African roots. Hurbons choice of words within Voodoo Truth and Fantasy sheds lite on the common aspect of Vodou a piffling differently. Like Chesi, Hurbon acknowledges the importance of community, even stating that Vodou bring families together in macroscopic gatherings, a festive way of ensuring that religious traditions will endure (Hurbon 14).In Hurbons text it appears that the family and passing of tradition from generation to generation is in fact important to the survival of Vodou. In my examination of Hurbons text it seemed as though Hurbon was promoting a balance of kinship and communal ties . Hurbon states that it is important to have family agreement in order to have a compulsory communal bond. One aspect of Hurbons text was that Vodou was often referred to as a cult dedicated to spirits. Hurbon did not let the wording of her description interfere with the way information was conveyed, however, I found it quiet prepossession that she would call Vodou a cult.Personally I associate the word cult with negative connotations. It is unclear whether Hurbon planned on conveying Vodou in a negative light, but one thing is for certain a cult describes a group of people or the communal bond that Vodou encourages. In Michels and Smiths book, Voodou in Haitian Life and subtlety Invisible Powers, The authors proceed to explain how the magical or superstitious aspect of Vodou conveys a sense of community among its supporters. The authors show that not only is Vodou practice a family effort, but a community effort as well.Smith and Michel both depict a type of Vodou were literall y everyone in a community is involved. From small children to the eldest members of a community, all play an important role in carrying on and performing the tradition of Vodou culture. The elaborate rituals and preparation described by the authors is only made possible through communal efforts. From my understanding of the community in Vodou culture, it appears that only through community and unity can tradition be kept alive.Despite any negative connotations Vodou may have, each author showed how important Vodou is in respects to several aspects of Haitian culture. Vodou is not only a religious matter, but also a political, economic, and social one as well. On May 14, 2013 knob lecturer Carnie Fabious stated, Vodou is a way of life. This statement alone sums up what Vodou was, and what Vodou continues to be in regards to Haitian culture. Fabious words show the importance that Vodou plays in all aspects of Haitian life, and demonstrates how relative the religion is to such a vast group of people.

Married vs Single Essay

Most passel would agree that pointting married is a halcyon occasion. People think their lives argon going to be better when they get married because the husband and wife be going to go past their multiplication together. However, some mickle think when they argon bingle, their lives atomic number 18 going to be better because of they have more freedom than when they get married. Some of the differences are social relationships and free succession. The first difference is social relationships. For example, multitude who are married are together until they get divorced or until death. hook up with couples have social relationships with their children when they talk and express their inner feelings. Also, that is how parents have pie-eyed relationships with their children. On the other hand, single people are living divers(prenominal) lifestyles when I come to social relationships. In fact, single people are having social relationships when they are talking with a friend or bloke/girlfriend. Single people can make their own decision nigh who or who not to have a social relationship with. The minute difference is free snip.To better explain, people who get married are responsible to spend quality time with their family. They also have to spend time assisting their children with their homework. Truthfully speaking, responsible husbands or wives need to spend time together in order to avoid future problems. In contrast, single people spend their free time anyway they want to. If law needs to be told, they dont have to make any commitments toward anybody. Finally, married people have a busy time with their family such(prenominal) as working, shopping, and they cant spend too much time with friends.In contrast, single people have their school, work, and shopping, and they have a multitude of freedom to hang out with their friends In brief, married and single people are very different in many ways. As I have shown it in the above paragraphs, they are not similar in their relationship as well as their free time. In my opinion, people who believe that married people and single people are identical are fooling themselves. It is important to remember that married and single people dont have much in common.

Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting climax Essay

Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting approaching for both operates of A View from the Bridge A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller, is a play ab come in obsession and betrayal. The main character, Eddie Carb ane, becomes everyplace prophylactic over his niece, Catherine, to the degree of infatuation. This obsession abets to cause the break down of Eddies marriage, as his wife, Beatrice realises the alarming nature of Eddies fixation. Eddies feelings for Catherine existed before Beatrices cousins, Marco and Rodolfo came, only when their arrival intensifies the situation, as Eddie becomes more and more jealous of Rodolfo, and of Catherines hunch over for him.This play is a tragedy and, like most tragedies, it is serious and finiss with the destruction of the main character, Eddie. Eddie dies after betraying his wifes cousins to the immigration bureau. As a result, Marco, who is filled with hatred and in need of justice, stabs him. Arthur Miller was a unseasoned Yorker who worked on the Brooklyn docks, for a time. His experience of the docks and of the people around them, led him to spell this play, which is set there. During this coursework, my aim is to study the rests of the two acts in depth to realise what techniques Miller uses to doctor them dramatically effective.1. During the last barb of act one (from page 39 when Catherine puts paper doll on the phonograph) we find out about the relationships of characters in more depth. The pictorial matter 2. Our understanding of this plays characters changes considerably in this last(a) part of act 1. Marco who seemed, prior to this sight, to be quiet and jump shows what he actually feels by demonstrating his feelings about Eddie 3. There are umpteen surprises in this scene, we as an audience do not expect Marco who has antecedently been shy and quiet to make such a blatant altercate as he does in this scene4. This last scene in act one is used very effectively by Arthur mi lling machine to sow the seeds of events which are going to happen in the 2nd act of the play 5. The action in this scene Marcos action of holding up a chair triumphantly in front of Eddie is an interesting and world-shattering action because the chair seems to be a symbolic weapon. Marco is threatening Eddie with it provided, in contrast, he actually uses a weapon to kill Eddie in the concluding scene of the play. 6. although there seems to only be one conflict surrounded by characters in this (the one between Marco and Eddie with the chair) there are actually umpteen7. This final scene leaves many questions unanswered. The conflicts between the characters in this scene could crown the audience to speculate as to how things will develop in the adjoining act simply although this scene gives the audience, some idea of how things turn out it does not tell them everything. They may ask themselves what is going to happen to Catherine and Rodolfos relationship since it se ems plain that Eddie dislikes Rodolfo and disapproves of his relationship with his niece. 8. Particularly interesting characters within this scene are Marco, who has changed so much and is so different in this final scene of act one to the previous part of the play.9. The Characters in this scene are very interesting to observe on their own but it is also interesting to see how Arthur Miller has contrasted the actions of his characters in this scene. One such contrast is that between Marco and Eddie. Eddie uses Aggressive action, such as boxing to make his point whereas Marcos subtle challenge with the chair is non aggressive but yet still makes the intended point. These contrasts between the two mens actions are very interesting and are very effective in demonstrating the diffe10. Emotions of the audience towards characters are mixed. They may feel happy for Catherine and Rodolfo in that theyve set up each other and seem so happy. Some may speculate, even so about that this r elationships days are numbered due to Eddies obviously hostile feelings towards rodolfo.1. The situations that develop in this play would be delicate for anyone to deal with. Eddie finds the situation that he is in especially difficult and so he is seriously affected by it. In this play Eddie goes from being a popular man, respected in the community to being a man willing to betray his own family and, in the final scene one prepared to kill. Eddie started by just being over protective of Catherine, which developed into jealousy of Rodolfo because Catherine loved him and this, in turn developed into fanatic hatred of both Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie hardly understands what he himself is feeling at the end of the play. These emotional changes are central to Arthur millers play since they help to cause the chain of events leading up to the final tragic end and are very important in creating interest and drama in the play.

Analysis of “Moral Minimums for Multinationals” by Thomas Donaldson Essay

 In Moral Minimums for Multinationals Thomas Donaldson addressed an issue, which lots escapes attention of deterrent practice philosophers. The article deals with a quite special honorable aspect of supranational business relations relations between people of various cultures within multinational locoweeds. This caper appears to be of paramount sizeableness for the author, providing data nigh expansion of corporations devised for colonizing the future. Manufacturers from India, managers from USA, experts from Japan, employees from the Philippines and directors from Germ any(prenominal) they ar all be bers of quite different heathenish and honorable traditions, which need to be reconciled inside an planetary firm.The problem becomes more than complicated considering existence of universal standards for business and business post, which be most often based on the values of Western civilization. Should managers unendingly insist on the same standards of conduct f or all, or should they verify their demands considering position traditions? In case the code of conduct of a partnership creates more severe limitations of behavior than the law and customs of the awkward in which the alliance acts, should this code of conduct prevail? Thomas Donaldson attempts to answer this and other questions in his work.Donaldson starts from assertion, that although the multinational corporations be not a wholly new phenomenon, their level in a modern understanding starts after World fight II, when the growing demand of products, new transport facilities, differences in economic and financial situations in different countries resulted in internationalization of business.Consequently, standards of those companies started to expand. And the multinational corporations faced employment between their home practices and practices in other countries, especially concerning labor conditions, operative hours, age of employees, sums of salary and other issues. O ther matters are related to diffusion of their products and standards of quality for ofttimes(prenominal) products for example, sens a corporation sell pharmaceuticals which do not signify to the standards of their  home country in other countries, where in that location are not much(prenominal) standards?Donaldson introduces several universal concepts for solving those problems. He starts with a concept of human cover. Rights establish minimum levels of morally unexceptionable behavior being a kind of bottom line for the corporations, which can not be crossed, a minimum set of responsibilities for a corporation. Those responsibilities of the corporation are at the same time pay offs of its employees, trade partners and all those individuals which are influenced by the companys activities.However, there is a problem of control. Who should monitor the observation of those skilfuls and duties the company itself or its home country, or a country which is influenced by t he companys activities? And where can such minimum standards be found at all. Some response is given by universal human covers instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or the UN Charter. However, those instruments include very little of welfare rights, which are of paramount importance for international corporations. Donaldson criticizes the traditional distinction between positive and negative rights, asserting, that often observation of negative rights requires states and individuals to act positively and vice versa.For example, preservation of right to life means also necessity to create sufficient work and environmental conditions. So what rights related to international corporations should be endorsed on international level? Donaldson proposes the following criteria for definition of such rights 1) the right moldiness shelter something of very great importance 2) the right must be outlet to substantial and recurrent threats and 3) the obligations or bu rdens imposed by the right must satisfy a fairness-affordability test.For Donaldson there are several rights that correspond these criteria 1) the right to freedom of physical movement 2) the right to ownership of retention 3) the right to freedom from torture 4) the right to a fair run 5) the right to nondiscriminatory treatment (e.g., freedom from discrimination on the basis of such characteristics as race or sex) 6) the right to physical security 7) the right to freedom of speech and association 8) the right to minimal education 9) the right to political participation and 10) the right to subsistence. For Donaldson this is a minimal list, which can be extended. He notices, that the international companies are able to travel along, or at to the lowest degree pretend that they are observing most of the mentioned rights, scarce the situation is much more dramatic in cases when companies deprive people from opportunities to enjoy their rights. Thats where we once more face the p roblem of monitoring. Which of the rights should be guaranteed by the corporations and which by the governments?Here Donaldson states, that a corporation is not an institution which is designed to observe human rights, because its aim is only profit-making. They are undemocratic institutions by the nature. They strive to maximize their income and actually dont care of anyones rights. Their minimal obligations under Donaldson are related to avoidance of deprivation of others of their rights. For example, the right of physical security includes the companys obligation to physically hold dear its workers. In turn the right for political participation for the corporations is special(a) by their duty to respect democratic institutions in other countries.Donaldson proposes to civilize test, which would demonstrate whether the actions of the company deprive anyone of his or her rights or not. If the actions of the company would at long last result in violations of anyones crucial right s, they should be morally inacceptable, whether they are formally rightful or not. For Donaldson nothing less than a superior general moral theory working in tandem with an analysis of the foundations of unified existence is needed. Donaldson introduces two fictitious characters of ethical conflicts for multinational corporations. In the type A conflicts, the conduct of a company would contradict the legal and ethical norms of a country where the company holds business, and in the type B conflicts, the conduct of a company contradicts the laws of its home country.In order to reconcile the aims of the company to generate profit and obligation to act ethically, Donaldson supposes, that in case a particular practice does not violate considerable human rights and it is insufferable to carry on business without such slightly unethical practice, a company may sometimes accept such practice (for example to bribe the officials, if this is a condition for further legal operations). Furth er ontogeny of ethical test would, under Donaldson, help to create ethical standards for multinational corporations in the changing global business environment.Donaldsons article leaves a controversial impression of     incompleteness. It looks rather like a draft of an article, but not an article itself. The author does not propose any ace problem or thesis, or his problem is unreasonably broad for such a small piece of text. At the beginning Donaldson speaks of the moral problems of fundamental interaction between bearers of different cultural traditions, but later he does not develop the idea, turning to ethical problems, which are actually typical for any business not only international one.Any company seeks to rectify its performance at all costs. Any company is willing to imbibe more money and less responsibility. Any company has to face a moral choice between ethical and legal conduct and come-on to slightly violate accepted norms. The company does not need to be international to face this, therefore, the name and the thesis of Donaldsons article are hardly related to its content.Talking of employment standards, which can be really interesting when investigating ethical matters connected to international business, we should notice, that they are not limited exclusively to international human rights instruments, as Donaldson asserts. Acts of the United Nations (especially of frugal and Social Council) as well as acts of International Labor makeup do include numerous requirements and recommendations of both legal and ethical nature. It would be wise to consider them when talking of ethical moments in international business. On the other hand Donaldson does not consider numerous business codes of conduct, which do include a number of ethical provisions. So, Donaldsons article is rather a set of ideas and reasoning about some situations, than a magisterial study of multinational business ethics.So, do we need multinational corporations to conduct ethically? Obviously, yes. Do we need to develop any new ethical standards? Yes, but we need to be aware of those, which already exist. The situation is not so dramatic, as Donaldson presents. Ethical norms already exist, we just need to correctly apply them and reconcile moral requirements in various countries. Considering that most of the paramount ethical values are somehow reflected in the international law, or recognized universally, this task appears to be not so complicated. Here it is accomplishable to speak of globalization of ethical imperatives, which is a part of globalization processes as a whole. International business act both as agents and objects of such globalization, which is already inconvertible.

My sisters keeper

Fitzgerald, who is an engineered baby, Is currently carrying into action at Erik Erosions individuality versus individuality mental amazement layer. All her manners duration- epoch she has been used by her p arnts as a donor for her last sister, Kate, who is a ugly leukemia patient. Ana is fin in every last(predicate)y at the point where she is evidenti anyy assay to find her indistinguish energy because she compulsions to study the rights to her decl atomic number 18 few proboscisate. She is now grizzly enough to take in that being a donor back end suck in a negative subject on herself.Erik intelligence states that people in the identity element versus individuality confusion dress embark on to evolve the ability to look for dissimilar alternatives to questions of concerns Noon). One of Anas alternatives for her side concerning the rights to her experience body Is take forthting a Lawyer. In this come bulge kayoed of the closetlook she shows how important it is for her to fork over her have identity by abstracted to sue her aver mystify (Captivates). When she tells the attorney about her speckle and presents him with her medical documents, it shows how she is clean-livingly developing and ontogenesis up to be an individual somebody? non an aim (Excavates).This is a large-minded step for somebody her age. One would stomach her to go straight-backed to her mother instead of going by dint of with(predicate) the hassle of take the vindicatoryice arranging into play. During the identity versus closing re drift stage Erikson says, P argonnts and t for each aneers are important at this stage. They potty function to inform a positive identity by providing opportunities and cost increase as adolescences depend the various options of life-time ( backside). In Anas case, her mother, Sara, is not in that location to throw out her to be an adept-on- champion or search the many paths which she chamberp ot take in life. This isolates her from both of her parents.In the philander mise en scene full the end, Sara and the lawyer debate about Anas mindset. Sara says that she ineluctably to continue to use Ana In point to save Kate, and she has no choice just to do so because she is too upstart to falsify her testify terminations (Captivates). In ohmic resistance to Sara, the lawyer supports up for Ana since she has nobody else to expect up for her against her mother (Captivates). sort of of providing Ana with opportunities to be free from sacrificing herself for Kate, Sara decides that Ana cannot make decisions of her take in because of her a great deal and more unhealthy addition to Kate.She Is hindering Anas geographic expedition by heavy her what she needinesss and does not demand (John). During the moving picture Kate Fitzgerald is in Kohlrabis pre accomplished stage of face-to-face returns. Kate is acquiring increasingly charnel and as each day goes by she is more and more tolerateing of the planet that she does not have much overnight to live. Goldberg states, To the soul In this stage, what Is right is that which satisfies mavins possess call for and now and so the ineluctably of others (Wee). Kate in conclusion aims to enrapture herself because she fates to be with her boyfriend who dies forwards her. This is the reason wherefore she is not mysophobic to die anymore.In one scene, Kate has a communion with Ana and says, Would you pull the jade green for me? (Captivates). This question takes Ana off-key guard, and Kate tells her that she is not panicked of death. Her reason which justifies this bidding is because her boyfriend has already moved on, which because leads her into convincing Ana into stymie being a donor (Asseverates). Kate does not take her familys feelings Into bank bill offend she makes the decision to tell through and through to keep her alive, how much they love her and how securely i t would be for Ana to claim the rights to her own body, save she looks past all of this and notwithstanding puts her feelings first.The base motivation you rag my back and Ill start yours is what titivates Kate (Wee). Ana tucker outs what she wants by manipulating Ana and tattle her about the consequences of donating her kidneys (Captivates). Ana aims to transport herself however there are generation when she recognizes how her cancer affects her familys bond. As she is in her hospital bed feel through a scrap book, she reflects on how the circumspection has ever so been on her kinda than her older crony and Ana (Captivates).Part of her motive to permit her cancer toss off her is establish on her siblings feelings which she takes into love? if she is out of the picture thence they will get more attention from their parents. Ana is functioning at Kohlrabies personal usefulness because her motivations are ground on her personal gain, and she partially takes others feelings into contemplation when making decisions (Wee). Moreover, her moral development is noneffervescent progressing and has the potential to be at the effected take aim where she puts others forward herself.This is regardn because of the situation that she takes time to reflect on how her siblings feel when all the attention is on her. Sara Fitzgerald goes from Fowlers personal corporate trust to unknown opinion. A person who is in the personal doctrine stage whitethorn run into some white-haired(a) areas and tenseness with there while foregoinging for the rightfulness (Wee). Saras search for the belieffulness about Skates wants causes a lot of tightness between her and her family because when the outcomes are in front of her, she does not let on them or they reckon to be unclear.Her bail to Kate is causing her to be oblivious to the wants and needs of her children, especially Kate who wants to die. In the court scene, the chum salmon says to Sara, Sk ates last and everybody knows it You Just love her so much that you dont want to let her go. She told you a million clock, you didnt want to escort it (Captivates). Sara hints that she is doing everything to in her power to amuse Kate by memory her alive, save in reality she is hardly pleasing herself and this is part of the personal conviction stage pertaining to gray areas and unclear dissolves.Only when her son brings the righteousness to her out in the open, does she carry through that as she keeps her smelling alive, she is bulge outing Skates. This answer to the question she has been inquiring for is a cock-a-hoop thing for Sara in the short term, just has its benefits in the dour run. It is liberal because she the uprightness is not what she wants to hear and causes her spirit to weaken. It is vertical that she hears the rightfulness because it gives her a chance to in the end move on to the contiguous train of religious growth, mystical reliance.B efore Kate dies, she set prevail overs to open up instead of turn of events her head by from what Kate has to say alike(p) she usually does. In the mystical faith stage the person challenges and improves structure because they are more accepting. nigh(a) the end of the movie when Kate shows Sara her scrapbook she made, she begins to cry and lays downhearted beside Kate. This symbolizes that she is beginning to accept the fact that Kate is dying and she needs to let her go. Her acceptance at this time and even after Kate is gone(p)(p) shows her improvement in structure.For Sara, her transition from one stage to other took place by overcoming a crisis she was facing, which is what one should do in state to move on to the side by side(p) stage of spiritual growth (Wee). Captivates, Nick, dir. My Sisters Keeper. Writ. take Jeremy. Film. 26 Novo 2012. John , B. In search of the faithful A catholic reasonableness of moral living. second deed. Ottawa the Canadian Conference o f Catholic Bishops, 2004. Print. Wee, J. Fowlers Six Stages of eldritch Growth. Trans. Reappoint. Wee,J. Kohlrabis Stages of Moral Reasoning. Trans. Reappoint.My sisters keeperFitzgerald, who is an engineered baby, Is currently functioning at Erik Erosions identicalness versus Identity confusion stage. All her life she has been used by her parents as a donor for her dying sister, Kate, who is a paltry leukemia patient. Ana is finally at the point where she is evidentially difficult to find her identity because she wants to claim the rights to her own body. She is now old enough to adopt that being a donor can have a negative arrange on herself.Erikson states that people in the Identity versus identity confusion stage begin to evolve the ability to explore divers(prenominal) alternatives to questions of concerns Noon). One of Anas alternatives for her spatial relation concerning the rights to her own body Is getting a Lawyer. In this scene she shows how important it is for her to have her own identity by wanting to sue her own mother (Captivates). When she tells the lawyer about her situation and presents him with her medical documents, it shows how she is morally developing and ripening up to be an individual person? not an object (Excavates).This is a macroscopical step for somebody her age. One would persuade her to go erectly to her mother Instead of going through the hassle of obstetrical delivery the Justice system into play. During the identity versus closing off stage Erikson says, Parents and teachers are important at this stage. They can help to inform a positive identity by providing opportunities and boost as adolescences explore the various options of life (John). In Anas case, her mother, Sara, is not there to gain her to be an Individual or explore the many paths which she can take in life. This isolates her from both of her parents.In the court scene nearly the end, Sara and the lawyer debate about Anas mindset. Sara says that s he needs to continue to use Ana In order to save Kate, and she has no choice precisely to do so because she is too juvenile to make her own decisions (Captivates). In electrical resistance to Sara, the lawyer stands up for Ana since she has nobody else to stand up for her against her mother (Captivates). Instead of providing Ana with opportunities to be free from sacrificing herself for Kate, Sara decides that Ana cannot make decisions of her own because of her more and more unhealthy bail to Kate.She Is hindering Anas exploration by telling her what she wants and does not want (John). During the movie Kate Fitzgerald is in Kohlrabis pre conventional stage of personal usefulness. Kate is getting increasingly drop and as each day goes by she is more and more accepting of the fact that she does not have much time-consuming to live. Goldberg states, To the person In this stage, what Is right is that which satisfies ones own needs and occasionally the needs of others (Wee). Kate ultimately aims to please herself because she wants to be with her boyfriend who dies ahead her. This is the reason why she is not xenophobic to die anymore.In one scene, Kate has a conversation with Ana and says, Would you pull the plug for me? (Captivates). This question takes Ana off guard, and Kate tells her that she is not afraid of dying. Her reason which justifies this contention is because her boyfriend has already moved on, which then leads her into convincing Ana into stop being a donor (Asseverates). Kate does not take her familys feelings Into answer for while she makes the decision to tell through to keep her alive, how much they love her and how strong it would be for Ana to claim the rights to her own body, besides she looks past all of this and still puts her feelings first.The introductory motivation you sucker my back and Ill scratch yours is what titivates Kate (Wee). Ana gets what she wants by manipulating Ana and telling her about the consequences of d onating her kidneys (Captivates). Ana aims to please herself however there are times when she recognizes how her cancer affects her familys bond. As she is in her hospital bed looking through a scrap book, she reflects on how the attention has incessantly been on her rather than her older blood associate and Ana (Captivates).Part of her motive to let her cancer kill her is based on her siblings feelings which she takes into consideration? if she is out of the picture then they will get more attention from their parents. Ana is functioning at Kohlrabies personal usefulness because her motivations are based on her personal gain, and she partially takes others feelings into consideration when making decisions (Wee). Moreover, her moral development is still progressing and has the potential to be at the conventional level where she puts others before herself.This is seen because of the fact that she takes time to reflect on how her siblings feel when all the attention is on her. Sara Fitzgerald goes from Fowlers personal faith to mystical faith. A person who is in the personal faith stage may run into some gray areas and tautness with there while searching for the truth (Wee). Saras search for the truth about Skates wants causes a lot of tension between her and her family because when the answers are in front of her, she does not see them or they seem to be unclear.Her attachment to Kate is causing her to be oblivious to the wants and needs of her children, especially Kate who wants to die. In the court scene, the brother says to Sara, Skates dying and everybody knows it You Just love her so much that you dont want to let her go. She told you a million times, you didnt want to hear it (Captivates). Sara hints that she is doing everything to in her power to please Kate by guardianship her alive, but in reality she is only pleasing herself and this is part of the personal faith stage pertaining to gray areas and unclear answers.Only when her son brings the tru th to her out in the open, does she suck in that as she keeps her spirit alive, she is killing Skates. This answer to the question she has been searching for is a bad thing for Sara in the short term, but has its benefits in the long run. It is bad because she the truth is not what she wants to hear and causes her spirit to weaken. It is good that she hears the truth because it gives her a chance to finally move on to the next level of spiritual growth, mystical faith.Before Kate dies, she begins to open up instead of turning her head away from what Kate has to say like she usually does. In the mystical faith stage the person challenges and improves structure because they are more accepting. attached the end of the movie when Kate shows Sara her scrapbook she made, she begins to cry and lays down beside Kate. This symbolizes that she is beginning to accept the fact that Kate is dying and she needs to let her go. Her acceptance at this time and even after Kate is gone shows her imp rovement in structure.For Sara, her transition from one stage to another took place by overcoming a crisis she was facing, which is what one should do in order to move on to the next stage of spiritual growth (Wee). Captivates, Nick, dir. My Sisters Keeper. Writ. take Jeremy. Film. 26 Novo 2012. John , B. In search of the good A catholic understanding of moral living. 2nd deed. Ottawa the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2004. Print. Wee, J. Fowlers Six Stages of apparitional Growth. Trans. Reappoint. Wee,J. Kohlrabis Stages of Moral Reasoning. Trans. Reappoint.My sisters keeperFitzgerald, who is an engineered baby, Is currently functioning at Erik Erosions Identity versus Identity confusion stage. All her life she has been used by her parents as a donor for her dying sister, Kate, who is a suffering leukemia patient. Ana is finally at the point where she is evidentially trying to find her identity because she wants to claim the rights to her own body. She is now old en ough to realize that being a donor can have a negative effect on herself.Erikson states that people in the Identity versus identity confusion stage begin to evolve the ability to explore different alternatives to questions of concerns Noon). One of Anas alternatives for her situation concerning the rights to her own body Is getting a Lawyer. In this scene she shows how important it is for her to have her own identity by wanting to sue her own mother (Captivates). When she tells the lawyer about her situation and presents him with her medical documents, it shows how she is morally developing and growing up to be an individual person? not an object (Excavates).This is a big step for somebody her age. One would expect her to go erectly to her mother Instead of going through the hassle of bringing the Justice system into play. During the identity versus isolation stage Erikson says, Parents and teachers are important at this stage. They can help to inform a positive identity by providin g opportunities and encouragement as adolescences explore the various options of life (John). In Anas case, her mother, Sara, is not there to encourage her to be an Individual or explore the many paths which she can take in life. This isolates her from both of her parents.In the court scene near the end, Sara and the lawyer debate about Anas mindset. Sara says that she needs to continue to use Ana In order to save Kate, and she has no choice but to do so because she is too young to make her own decisions (Captivates). In opposition to Sara, the lawyer stands up for Ana since she has nobody else to stand up for her against her mother (Captivates). Instead of providing Ana with opportunities to be free from sacrificing herself for Kate, Sara decides that Ana cannot make decisions of her own because of her progressively unhealthy attachment to Kate.She Is hindering Anas exploration by telling her what she wants and does not want (John). During the movie Kate Fitzgerald is in Kohlrabis pre conventional stage of personal usefulness. Kate is getting increasingly sick and as each day goes by she is more and more accepting of the fact that she does not have much longer to live. Goldberg states, To the person In this stage, what Is right is that which satisfies ones own needs and occasionally the needs of others (Wee). Kate ultimately aims to please herself because she wants to be with her boyfriend who dies before her. This is the reason why she is not afraid to die anymore.In one scene, Kate has a conversation with Ana and says, Would you pull the plug for me? (Captivates). This question takes Ana off guard, and Kate tells her that she is not afraid of dying. Her reason which justifies this statement is because her boyfriend has already moved on, which then leads her into convincing Ana into stop being a donor (Asseverates). Kate does not take her familys feelings Into account while she makes the decision to tell through to keep her alive, how much they love her and how hard it would be for Ana to claim the rights to her own body, but she looks past all of this and still puts her feelings first.The basic motivation you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours is what titivates Kate (Wee). Ana gets what she wants by manipulating Ana and telling her about the consequences of donating her kidneys (Captivates). Ana aims to please herself however there are times when she recognizes how her cancer affects her familys bond. As she is in her hospital bed looking through a scrap book, she reflects on how the attention has always been on her rather than her older brother and Ana (Captivates).Part of her motive to let her cancer kill her is based on her siblings feelings which she takes into consideration? if she is out of the picture then they will get more attention from their parents. Ana is functioning at Kohlrabies personal usefulness because her motivations are based on her personal gain, and she partially takes others feelings into consideration when making decisions (Wee). Moreover, her moral development is still progressing and has the potential to be at the conventional level where she puts others before herself.This is seen because of the fact that she takes time to reflect on how her siblings feel when all the attention is on her. Sara Fitzgerald goes from Fowlers personal faith to mystical faith. A person who is in the personal faith stage may run into some gray areas and tension with there while searching for the truth (Wee). Saras search for the truth about Skates wants causes a lot of tension between her and her family because when the answers are in front of her, she does not see them or they seem to be unclear.Her attachment to Kate is causing her to be oblivious to the wants and needs of her children, especially Kate who wants to die. In the court scene, the brother says to Sara, Skates dying and everybody knows it You Just love her so much that you dont want to let her go. She told you a million times, you didnt w ant to hear it (Captivates). Sara hints that she is doing everything to in her power to please Kate by keeping her alive, but in reality she is only pleasing herself and this is part of the personal faith stage pertaining to gray areas and unclear answers.Only when her son brings the truth to her out in the open, does she realize that as she keeps her spirit alive, she is killing Skates. This answer to the question she has been searching for is a bad thing for Sara in the short term, but has its benefits in the long run. It is bad because she the truth is not what she wants to hear and causes her spirit to weaken. It is good that she hears the truth because it gives her a chance to finally move on to the next level of spiritual growth, mystical faith.Before Kate dies, she begins to open up instead of turning her head away from what Kate has to say like she usually does. In the mystical faith stage the person challenges and improves structure because they are more accepting. Near the end of the movie when Kate shows Sara her scrapbook she made, she begins to cry and lays down beside Kate. This symbolizes that she is beginning to accept the fact that Kate is dying and she needs to let her go. Her acceptance at this time and even after Kate is gone shows her improvement in structure.For Sara, her transition from one stage to another took place by overcoming a crisis she was facing, which is what one should do in order to move on to the next stage of spiritual growth (Wee). Captivates, Nick, dir. My Sisters Keeper. Writ. Level Jeremy. Film. 26 Novo 2012. John , B. In search of the good A catholic understanding of moral living. 2nd deed. Ottawa the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2004. Print. Wee, J. Fowlers Six Stages of Spiritual Growth. Trans. Reappoint. Wee,J. Kohlrabis Stages of Moral Reasoning. Trans. Reappoint.