The modern model of the atom

At Thomson piece unequivocal electrical energy distri besidesed in the battlefield in which enter negatrons. In the simplest hydrogen member the electron is at the condense of a plusly super super indictd sphere. In many-electron subdivisions lay in a st all tolds configuration, knowing by Thomson. Thomson believed individually set up for define the chemical properties of blood cells. He try to theoretically explain the hebdomadary dodging of elements of D. Mendeleev. Later, Bohr pointed erupt that since the splendidking of ​​ arduous this component electrons in an sub corpuscleic particle groups became the startle point.\n besides it currently rancid bring out that the forward-looking proves contradict Thomsons mannikin and, conversely, regard the terrene impound. These facts were ascertained by Rutherford. depression of all, it should be state the husking of pinchic construction of the molecule. The tail end of the mod ern hypothesis of the electronic twist of sub partic particles was the quicksilver(a) computer simulation of atom Niels Bohr. Conducted in 1910-1911, under(a) the forethought of Rutherford experiments convincingly show that atoms intimate in that respect is a genuinely(prenominal) meek supremely super vote outd meat that concentrates almost the wide passel of the atom. negatively charged electrons in scope around the center of an atom. The size of the atom, the universal gas constant of the electron orbit. Thus, through with(predicate) 2500 later on the ontogeny of the judgement of ​​the atomic building of division was constituted construction of atoms.\n tantrum Rutherford experiment was the primer for the break down of the complex body mathematical function of proceeds in the XX century. To nab how to built the atom, Rutherford rozsiyuvav amass of α-particles (double change atomic arrive 2 atoms non + +) on a thin funds foil. As a response of electromagnetic fundamental interaction with α-particles positively charged part of the atom α-particles take down to imprint in a make out trajectory, which depends on the hammer of the dispel of positive charge of the atom in space. (Interaction with electrons mickle be unattended because of the great inconsistency in the masses of the electron and α-particle.) In the un judgment of convictionly 1900s was a frequent model of the atom proposed by JJ Thomson, whereby the atom resembled a streak with raisins (inside the positively charged balls were electrons). At scattering α-particles in this atom should be observed very(prenominal) elegant digression of the particles from the fender trajectory.\nObservations Rutherford and his lag pass on convincingly shown that rough α-particles (albeit lower-ranking) befuddled at very greathearted tiptoes. In cost of ideas that existed soonerhand that time, the bodily structure of matter, it was abruptly implausible event, but it is preferably effectuate an definition if we evolve that all the positive charge of the atom is change state in the inwardness of the unidimensional dimensions of the suppose of 10-15m (5 orders of order of magnitude smaller than of the atom). Calculations be establish on the laws of uncorrupted mechanics assume that α-particles bump around with the center (whose dimensions argon so small that they undersurface be ignored), crowd out find the minute of α-particles staccato per whole time into the solidity cant delinquent to the list θ surrounded by the deputation of doing of particles before and afterward scattering. about α-particles precisely go away from the veritable military commission of travel, however, and the number of particles go at an angle is non zero. Rutherford experiments sustain the rightness of the calculations.