Confederacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

federation - Essay ExampleWhen his own Vice-President, Alexander Stephens became an outspoken critic of the Davis war polices, newspaper publisher editors declared Davis a despot and added to the erosion of the Confederacy from within.Food riots and the Impression Act of 1863 further change civilian support of Davis and his government. Southern citizens divided over the issue of his right to rule the Confederacys nationhood either they believed he now held too much power and wanted more or they believed him easy and unable to govern successfully. The absence of centralized power defeated Davis ability to feed and clothe his armies, or gain support from European allies.The loss of St onenesswall Jackson on May 2, 1863 cost the air force officer of the accessory forces, General Lee his most valuable soldier, and did a great deal to decompress Confederate military moral. June of 1863 saw Vicksburg captured by Grant and allowed the Union forces to control the Mississippi River all t he counselling to the Gulf of Mexico, and further hurt the Southern states ability to garner support and supplies from the western states. President capital of Nebraskas Gettysburg Address on November 17, 1863, changed the idea of Union for Unions sake to Union for independences sake, and revitalized the northern impetuous to continue the war through to its end. Grants push southward exploitation Shermans forces never retreated after 1864, and Lees surrender on April 9, 1865, sealed the peck of the Confederacy.The collapse of the Confederacy was as inevitable as the Civil War itself. We are not one people. We are two peoples. We are a people for Freedom and a people for Slavery. Between the two, troth is inevitable. New York Tribunepublisher Horace Greeley said that about the United States in 1854 and Davis could have paraphrased it when describing the political state of the Confederacy in

Leadership for Change Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership for Change - article ExampleThrough consultations, leaders must develop informative networks of reliable people. Besides the ability to take in the position of the organization and determine the activities to undertake to achieve such, leaders must have effective colloquy and persuasion abilities to enable them address the organizations different publics effectively. Doing this is also a method of motivating productivity from the subjects. However, the leader must also prep ar for certain managerial obstacles and devise effective ways of overcoming such in order to revamp the operations of the organization and safeguard productivity. A leader should holler the obstacles and learn from the critics in order to build a cohesive team through effective decision-making (Rosabeth, 2003).In brief, the ideas in the article are relevant in leadership studies. The author carefully develops adequate scope to the topic and describes the concept of leadership before introducing t he factors that contribute to the success of a leader. He uses simple and sentences that are easy to understand thereby improving accessibility to his information. Additionally, he also discusses realistic leadership challenges and so providing the learners with a basis for brainstorming. I am for the reading and recommend it to any student pursuing a course in

Business Research Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Research Analysis - Essay Exampley. From the supra table, the mean age of the respondents is 21.73 classs with a minimum of 18 and a maximum of 44 years. A notable characteristic of the trey satisfaction ratings for stock, quiet areas and staff is above average mean ratings. sexual activity Frequency Bar Graph (Source Statistical Package for the amicable Science (SPSS) go around sheet) Where 0= effeminate, 1 = male From the frequency bar graph above, there are more females than males in the study with a figure of 77 and 73 respectively. Females contribute 51.3% of all respondent while males contribute the remaining 48.7%. personal manner of discipline Frequency Table Frequency Per cent valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent Valid 0 28 18.7 18.7 18.7 1 122 81.3 81.3 100.0 Total 150 100.0 100.0 (Source Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) spread sheet) Where 0= Part time, 1 = Full time The above table shows that 81.3% of all respondents are right time student s while the remaining 18.7% percent are part time students. There is approximately quatern times more student enrolled in full time programmes than part time programmes. family of Study Frequency Bar Graph (Source Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) spread sheet) Where 4 = Year 1 undergrad 5 = Year 2 Undergraduate 6 = Year 3 Undergraduate (Final Year) 7 = Postgraduate (e.g. MBA, MSc) 8 = Doctoral (e.g. PhD) The above graph shows that the number of respondents increase from the first year to the fifth year of undergraduate studies after which it decrease towards the doctoral level of study. (Source Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) spread sheet) Age of respondents ranges from 18 to 44 years. Respondents of 18 years of age are the volume in the sample. Respondents of 27, 28, 33, 35 and 44 years form the minority each contributing 0.7% of the respondents. Potential Areas for gain From the gender frequency bar, it is clear that the number of female res pondents exceed that of their male counterparts. From majority of statistics, majority of tertiary education students are male. The following sample should have used a controlled number of male and female respondents which reflect the actual gender proportions of the parent commonwealth. The number of sampled full time students is also too more compared to part time students. The number of sampled respondents who are more than 27 years of age is too teeny-weeny those with less than 25 years. These biases should be reduced in order to ensure that the sampled population reflects the characteristics of the parent population as closely as possible. (ii) To what extent is there a difference of opinion between males and females relating to the three satisfaction ratings for stock, quiet areas and staff? We will use the independent sample t-test since it shows whether there is a monumental difference between the means of two groups of people or conditions. Group Statistics Gender N r etrieve Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Stock 0 77 5.84 2.444 .279 1 73 6.18 2.584 .302 Quiet 0 77 6.53 2.174 .248 1 73 6.32 2.278 .267 Staff 0 77 6.97 1.224 .140

Mexico Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mexico - status Paper ExampleSince 1920, the state of matter went through various changes and reforms in social, agriculture, and political sectors that molded it into what it is now today. The countrys climate varies considerably from one region to another. While the southern region is mostly a tropical jungle, the northern region of the country is an arid desert. The central plateau is a colder region, particularly during winter. Its highest top is at 18,700 feet and -32 feet is its lowest point. The prevailing climate is tropical or desert. The highest average temperature registered in the capital metropolis is 80F during April and every January, the temperature can reach as low as 42.4F. In the proterozoic 16th century, the countrys regions of advanced Amerindian civilizations became colonies of Spain until the beginning of the 19th century. These include underemployment, unequal distribution of income, and the considerable economic gap between the rich and the poor. Further , powerful drug-trafficking organizations in Mexico are the countrys major cause of peace and order problems and crimes since 2007. In 2011, Mexicos parsimoniousness grew by 3.9%, but it is still pliable to U.S. business cycle and euro zone crisis. That is when the U.S. suffers another economic downturn or the euro zone crisis spills over, Mexicos economy will surely be dragged down. On the other hand, if the eurozone crisis is contained and the U.S. economy improves, Mexico will gain benefits from the dynamics of its export-based manufacturing sector.

To what extent are there significant differences in the nature of the Essay

To what extent are there significant differences in the nature of the monetary systems in France, Italy and the UK - turn up ExampleThe parties can be brought directly or indirectly. In the first case of direct finance, the parties with purposeless pecuniary resources directly finance those with financial needs. The financial system consists of institutional units and markets that interact in a complex manner for the purpose of mobilizing funds for investment and providing facilities including payment system for the financing of commercial activity. The financial system starts with people and their business endeavour so that it can examine their finance needs and their adopt for financial services and it can also identify the way in which needs are fulfil and demand is met. A financial system of is a complex one. At the top of the structure is the exchange government. The monetary and fiscal policies and regulations of the government directly influence the working of the fina ncial system (tax govern, exchange rate etc). This is implemented through the central bank of the country. Other players in the system include the individuals or households, non financial organizations both public and private, the stock and currency market, and financial institutions like banks and insurance companies etc. The value of financial transactions taking place is measured by the currency of the country. A financial system raises finds from lenders or investors, making them available to borrowers or other users. (Neave p.12).The central bank of France is called Banque de France. The currency used in France is the Euro, which replaced the French Franc in January 2002. Along with France, Italy and ten other European countries have all replaced their own currencies with the Euro and they are collectively referred to as the Euro zone.The system in France is well managed and regulated. The number of banks present has saturated the market to a authoritative extent. There is

Controversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Controversy - Essay ExampleIn fact, the grocery economy of New Zealand is one of the most prosperous economies of the world with a Gross Domestic crossway (GDP) of $181.3 billion, as on April, 2013 (OECD, 2013).Taxation in New Zealand is a vast and complex phenomenon. Since 1980, the country is tone ending through signifi dropt tax reform programs for the purpose of restructuring its fringy tax rate system. In 2010, the marginal income tax rate was reduced from 66% to 33%, corporate tax rate was also humble from 48% to 33%. GST (Goods and Service Tax) was introduced at a rate of 10% initially. However, imposition of capital adopt Tax in New Zealand still remains a controversial issue. A Capital create Tax may be defined as the tax levied on realization of assets such as shares, bonds and properties or capital gains for individuals and corporations. This kind of tax is imposed when investors realize a profit by sell the capital asset at a price higher than the purchase price. In this paper, the significance of introducing Capital Gains Taxation in New Zealands economy will be discussed and eventually relevant deduction regarding the concerned matter will be drawn (OECD, 2013).New Zealand is one among the three countries in make-up for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) which is not having Capital Gains Tax. According to the reports from March, 2014 both the Labour society and Green Party of New Zealand are advocating the importance of high-flown Capital Gains Tax. However, implication of imposition of such tax buck is still in debate (Claus, Creedy & Teng, 2012).Capital Gains Tax from economic income perspective is a long debated issue. Arguments can be introduced in this regard by experiencing the Labour Partys effort to establish horizontally equitable income by taxing the capital gain on accrual basis and by imposing taxes at an equal rate on capital gain irrespective of their other source of income. apart from that, be it Labour or G reen Party, the

Achieving Professionalism -Main theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Achieving Professionalism -Main theatre - Essay ExampleIt has been found that the styles that the leaders incorporate in running the operations and activities of an organization immensely contribute to the success of the firm. It is the responsibility of the managers and directors to ensure that the strategies of leadership that they call in their organizations ar effective and efficient.Having visited Johns Hopkins Hospital and evaluated the operations and activities in the hospital, I realized that there are mixed effects of the leadership strategies that are used to the success of the organization. Being an international hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital offers various medical services to the clients, and its success is influenced by the managerial and leadership approaches that are integrated in the organization. I liked the leadership approaches that are used in Johns Hopkins Hospital because they positively influence every actor in the organization. The employees are conside red to be part of the hospital, in the sense that they are consulted in decision-making. The management determine teamwork and this positively impacts to the performance of the organization.Patients are offered quality treatment and services because the nurses and medical practitioners in the organization are trained on various skills of handling clients. The management of the organization understands the need of integrating different leadership styles depending on the department and issue to be addressed. For instance, the employees adhere and follow the companys code of moral philosophy and codes of conducts, and this helps them in meeting the needs of the employees effectively. Strong leadership that is observed in the organization is achieved because the nurse leaders ensure that every employee offers the highest level of care. The management encourages employees to work closely and take the needs of the patients ahead of their personal issues. The leaders mentor the other nur ses and medical professionals in the organization.

Exchange risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

supervene upon risk - Research Paper Example hostile re-sentencing dictates have an impact on the economic society as discussed. Low exchange rates are a supportal to the receding economic period and consequent political instability. Conversely, substantial rates of exchange are a sign of stable commercial conditions for a country. The exchange rates directly affect the international trade. For instance, low exchange rate support activities like tourism and exports in the economy (Howell & PRS Group, 2011). At this point, national goods become bum for the foreign buyers. Additionally, foreign currency rates have an effect on investment funds that any move in or out of an economy. The countries that have fluctuating currency are less seductive to investors from overseas. This because all investors are assumed to be risk averse and, therefore, like returns and dislike losses. At this time, foreigners squander their real estates, stocks, and bonds just because such derivatives are losing purchasing power to rival investments in other countries. Foreign investors prefer making financial investments when they think that price in them will be conserved as international profits are ultimately converted back to their domestic currency.The foreign exchange rate leads to an economic growth it is true that the higher the price of the net exports, the higher the nation Gross domestic product. The countrys GDP is given as C+I+G+(X-M) Where C = consumer spending, C= capital, I= investment by the businesses and households, G= government spending and (X-M) = net exports.

The Scottish Road Network Authority Research Paper

The Scottish Road net Authority - Research Paper Example1). Indeed, one basic hurdle to SRNAs cured dealments decision to change a long-standing and all-public servicing strategy of construction and maintenance to one focused on procurement and spotting out is SRNAs organisational farming. The proposed changes will inevitably lead to redundancies and an explosion in run outsourced. Expectedly, upper managements suggestions are met with large resistance as is shown in provided case. The case for change is, in fact, hard to sell among staff given SRNAs senior managements practices evidenced in poor knowledge management strategies. This report argues that, in order for SRNA to diffuse and manage change effectively among staff, network-based, knowledge- communion strategies should be put in place.Since devolution, Scotland has barely shifted away from a public sector mentality (Lyall, n.d.). foeman to propositions by upper management comes, therefore, as no surprise. Placed in a wider context, outsourcing public services - road building services included - is, in fact, a continuation of a set of policies enacted crossways all U.K. (Lyall). Indeed, just as outsourcing services has generated much resistivity since introduction back in 1980s (Dodworth, M. & Constable, M., 2006), SRNAs staffs opposition to suggested changes is only symptomatic of such shifts main arguments employeeAs a matter of fact, all three i... THE Scots ROAD NETWORK AUTHORITY KNOWLEDGE SHARING 4retention and rights, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and service quality (Dodworth, M. & Constable, M. Hemson, 1998). As a matter of fact, all three issues are not only a U.K. concern but are spread about as much countries as can be wherever and whenever a case is made for outsourcing (Hemson). Indeed, one can hardly find a standardised issue in which almost same concerns are voiced. In SRNAs case, Henry Irvings, Director Generals (DGs), practice of contact himself with a narrow circle of senior executives adds a particular emphasis on SRNAs case for knowledge management in a wider context of an eminent change. More specifically, SRNA strongly speaks for a case of oeuvre power structure within which corporate culture as well as knowledge sharing strategies are defined, controlled and set by a minority cohort made up of a DG and a narrow circle of surrounding senior executives (e.g. Charles Hampden, Finance Director). Indeed, corporate culture has been increasingly forceful as a definitive aspect of corporate style and performance (Schein, 2004 Willmott, 2003). According to McDermott and ODell (2001), corporate culture is the shared values, beliefs, and practices of the people in the organisation. Put differently, an organisations culture is an overarching framework within which all employees fall and are affiliated to (Willmott). That is, one way management holds sway over workplace power politics is to define how employees should put one across specific codes of conducts supposedly divorced THE SCOTTISH ROAD NETWORK AUTHORITY KNOWLEDGE SHARING 5from interpersonal, intradepartmental, and interdepartmental interactions.

UK retail sector during financial crisis Dissertation

UK retail arena during financial crisis - Dissertation ExampleThe data are used in an extensive review of literary growthions and as comprehensive resources that informed the analysis and the discussion of the study. While the findings are not definitive, this studys investigation was capable to provide suggestive details supporting the positive relationship between the UK protectionist measures and the performance or the extract of the retail field after the crisis struck British shores. The impact of the financial crisis especially on the proximo developments and trends in the UK retail sector was also identified. This was based on the expected response on the check of the policy networks and the industry decision makers. Several problems were also cited both on the part of the government and its policies and, on the side of the retail industry. The study was able to propose possible solutions and modifications to existing policy attitudes towards the retail sector based on t he lessons learned from the financial crisis experience. INTRODUCTION The retail sector is an consequential component of the United Kingdoms economy. A prominent part of the industry is the British Petroleum, ranked second in the European continent and the biggest industrial incorporation in the UK. The sector also complicate the vibrant mechanical engineering and manufacturing sectors, which are both important in the British export production (Hiles, 2010, p.39-46) Then, there is the financial institutions such as investment firms and the banking institutions, which serves one-tent of the global financial requirements. The aggregate turnover of the stallion retail sector accounts for a significant portion of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP). The sector ranks fourth in the global trade market. It is a leading player in the European Union and that it is one of the largest industries in the whole of Britain. It is not surprising, hence, when the British government provi des it with special protective measures because all instability can result to a crippling effect to the entire economy (HM Treasury, 2009, p.23-25). This is particularly highlighted during the series of financial crises that hit the world in the past decade. For instance, when the 2008 financial crisis that originated in America spilled over across the globe, the British consumption experienced some disturbance. The retail sector was hit as the economy straight off contracted by 0.5 pct (UK Parliament, 2009, p.139). The consumer attitude and purchase behavior showed signs of dampening, which can affect the sector in the next few years or so. In a recent survey by info Monitor, it was found that 90 percent of the British consumers believe that the country is in recession and that 47 percent reported a worsening of personal financial situation (Market Watch, 2009, p.73). The report found that majority of the consumers is in the process of making changes to their lives and purchas ing behavior and that previous purchasing patterns can only be retained

Strategic briefing paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic briefing physical composition - Case Study ExampleAnalyzing the history of Euro Disney, one can draw connections between the financial issues of Euro Disney and its name, which its bosses were squeeze to change from Euro Disney to Disneyland Paris because people in Europe linked a word euro with business and finance. In addition, the company was also forced to overturn an alcohol ban as French admired drink and thus, it led to a huge bank bailout in the 90s. The company had also difficult relations with its staff, which protested against a payment freeze and went on striking and marching through the park that caused the first ever cancellation of the storied daily parade (Losing the magic How Euro Disney became a nightmare, 2010). One of the ways out of such complicated situations is the project about recapitalization in order to improve Euro Disney financial position. It will also enable the company to incubate making investments in the resort thus increasing the gue st experience. In addition, shareholders will have the probability to purchase shares issued in the debt conversion and the companys debt will fall taking Euro Disneys balance sheet from a negative to positive equity position. Disney finance director states, that such operation will strengthen Euro Disney, non de- listing it from the stock market (Holton, 2014).For Disneyland Paris it is essential to formulate a new strategy by setting fresh goals and values, search for the new resources and capabilities, and revise the companys structure and system. For this purpose, the company should realise how its current structure drives competition, whether it is a changing customers demand, changing prices or certain technological change. With the help of symptomatic strategic capability that may be performed by means of value chain analysis or SWOT analysis, the company would consider the development of its availabilities. Besides, the

The prof. wants me to devolop a teaching project in midwifery or any Assignment

The prof. wants me to devolop a teaching project in obstetrics or any opposite medical feild - Assignment ExampleMidwifery model of delivery is considered safe, cost-effective and high quality in other countries apart from the USA where the medical model of delivery is more prevalent. Despite this, Amnesty worldwide (2010) ranks the USA below 40 other developed countries in maternal wellness sell.The maternal health care crisis in the USA is a result of many different factors. The most signifi contributet is the skirmish of interest between obstetricians and midwives. This has contributed to the popular notion that hospitals are the only safe places for childbirths in the USA (Wagner, 2008). Conversely, all-encompassing evidence reveals that women receiving obstetrics care experience excellent infant and maternal outcomes, satisfaction and cost-effective care (Blanchette, 1995 Greulich et al., 1994 Jackson et al., 2003 MacDroman & Singh, 1998).Despite the fact that midwifery is imperative in streamlining the ailing maternal health dodging in the USA, it also faces some very serious challenges that require immediate intervention for it to be effective. These challenges tally to Walker, Lannen and Rossie (2014) are Physicians opposition, inadequate teaching and training methods, state and federal regulations, the publics lack of confidence in midwifery services, prevailing economic and political environment, not being recognized by third-party payers such as Medicaid, and conflicts among midwifery organizations.The shift towards effective midwifery practices should begin with the revision of the midwifery education programs. Some of the changes that the midwifery institutions can apply are to change the methods of teaching and training future generations of midwives. Teaching has to be made fun, interactive, exciting, winsome and educative. This can be achieved by radically changing the way students are taught and exploring other avenues such as films, vi deos, crossword puzzles, creative arts, flipping, online discussions and many more. More importantly

Theorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theorists - Essay ExampleA cognitive theorist would try to apply any of the established theories of cognitive development, such as that of Piaget, to relieve Dinas mien. As such, a cognitive theorist may refer to the feature that Dina is in her sensorimotor Stage, as identified by Piaget. During this stage, an infant starts to build up knowledge of the solid ground, by relating the physical activities to comprehend results of those activities. The main personal trait of infants during this stage is egocentrism, because young kids have no understanding of the external world other than their own. As such, a cognitive theorist may argue that Dinas egocentrism during this early stage of development pushes her to reject the concept of sharing and prefer to have and possess everything she wants. To remedy this problem, a cognitive theorist may suggest that Dina should be related more to her social borders, and not to be left to her ego, as the social surroundings are extremely impor tant in shaping the nature and behavior of children.Unlike cognitive theorists, a behaviorist accounts for development in terms of learning. That is, behaviorists believe that the baneful habit of egocentrism and rejection of sharing is highly change by the stimulus context. In other words, the surrounding atmosphere, in which one performs this habit, would affect the frequency of practicing it. In this context, almost all behaviorists agree that the behavior of children is affected by the family within which he or she is raised. For example, many of the ill-behavior of children to divorced parents can be closely attributed to the fact that their parents are separated. Thats why a behaviorist may approach Dinas negative behavior in the light of her relationship with her family and parents. For a behaviorist, Dinas behavior may be modified subsequently understanding her relationship with her family members. This is because a behaviorist believes that the

Movie review paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Movie review paper - move ExampleFinch was a lawyer by profession, who accepted the lawsuit when asked by the towns come close to represent a negro man, Tom Robinson, going to be charged with rape of a blanched girl, Mayella Ewell. Finch loses the case and Robinson gets killed by Sheriff Tates deputy while attempting escape. Despite contradictory evidence, the jury comprised of white men found Tom guilty as charged, who was later killed by Sheriffs deputy while attempting escape. Later, Mayellas father, Bob Ewell, attacked Scout and Jem but was killed by Radley. Sheriff persuaded Finch that killing Bob was in childrens defense and account that Ewell fell on his knife. This essay aims to analyze and discuss facts of the cases depicted in the film, the significance and relevance of the roles compete by prosecution and plaintiff in the courthouse, the entertainment value of the film and how it relates to the real world, the accuracy in depiction of the legal system and the effect s movies have on public opinions (To Kill a Mockingbird).The case of State v. Robinson was central to the story of the film. Robinson was accused of committing crimes, i.e. raping and beating Mayella. According to the testimony of Sheriff Tate, Bob Ewell came to his office and inform that her daughter has been raped by a black man in his house. He went to the crime fit and see that Mayella was severely beaten. She had abrasions on her head and arm, finger marks on her neck and black the right way eye, which occurred about half an hour before. She accused Robinson of the crimes and identified him. According to Mayella Ewell, Robinson helped her in chopping up an old chiffarobe for a nickel. She went inside the house to bring the nickel and when turned around, Robinson attacked, raped and repeatedly beat her. She struggled and screamed and then saw her father standing over her asking who did it. According to Bob Ewell, he was coming home from the wood and heard Mayella screaming upon reaching the

Married to Man. The Omnivore's Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Married to Man. The Omnivores Dilemma - Essay ExampleBoth the new and Native Americans only depend on lemon yellow. In other words, it may be said that corn is married to a man. This explains its existence up to this time in life. Were it not for the continued planting of the same corn date after season by man, it would have experienced extinction. This article looks at how corn and man alter one another to survive and reproduce. clavus is found in husks and requires processing to evidence the grains from the husk. This means that the grains ar set free and can thus be grown and impact more easily on their own. This is where the human aspect comes in place. Man has come up with machines such as combined harvesters that separate the corn from the cob. Another method of separating the corn from the cob is by the use of the opposable thumb that is a characteristic in man. This therefore, brings stunned the dependence of the corn on man with opposable thumb. Corn, while bland i n the cob cannot grow into maturity. It may tear but due to overcrowding, the young plants thin out and eventually die. Thus, for proper reproduction of the corn, there is husk removal, seed separation and planting. If the whole corncob were planted, it would germinate and move out of the husk, they would crowd up and may be die before having their second and triplet set of leaves. Corn hence, require assistance to grow more than any other domesticated plant. Therefore, corn depends on the humans more than the humans depend on it. For instance, man can decide not to consume any corn by avoiding planting it. At the same time, corn cannot decide on whom to have it planted. The marriage between man and corn can be viewed from the perspective of man having commencement ceremony domesticated the senseless plant. This was later followed by selection and breeding of the best variety, were it not for man, it would be wild up to now (Pollan, 2007). Among the highly valued cereals by man is corn that in some countries is called maize. Corn has many uses more than any other cereal. One of the uses is making surface. In Africa and some parts of Asia, the grits from maize are ingested by humans. For instance in central and eastern Africa, the grits are use to make a staple food called ugali. This food is easily made and readily consumed with wide position vegetables. Grits can also be used to make porridge that is highly consumed by young children peculiarly in Africa and some parts of Asia. This food product is believed to provide dynamism to the children who have higher energy requirements in general. Corn can also be used to make bi fuel. This is presently organism done in the US of and is hastily replacing the fuels that are pollutants of the atmosphere. Corn is preferred to refined anoint because of its availability and environmentally sound aspects. It is also used to make the brewers grits that are used in the beer industry. This is because it contains star ches and stopss that undergo fermentation when provided with the required conditions. The medicine industry also makes utilize corn in their processed form. Liquids sugar is made from corn. Its use is to make syrups and serves the purpose of sweetening them. The confectionary industry makes use of the corn sugar in sweetening their products. Without such sugar, their products may not be accepted. This may lead to losses curiously on the part of the manufacturer. Having looked at the two sides of the issue of marriage to man, I take a post that, it is the corn that is dependent on

Intro speech Essay Example for Free

Intro speech Essay universe minute is a general movement for the planet organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). undercoat instant engages a massive mainstream community on a broad range of environmental issues. It was first splendidly started as a lights- morose subject in Sydney, Australia in 2007. Since then it has grown to engage more than 7000 cities and towns worldwide, and the one- time of day event continues to remain the key driver of the now larger movement. The event is held worldwide and held towards the end of expose annually, advance individuals, communities, households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights for one hour as a symbol for their commitment to the planet. terra firma second 2013 was celebrated on March 23, 2013. body politic Hour 2014 is scheduled for Saturday, March 29, from 830 p.m. to 930 p.m. during participants local time.-2004 in Sydney not so famous 2007 Become well known-2008 farming Hour 2008 was held inter nationally on March 29, 2008 from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. local time, marking the first day of remembrance of the event. With 35 countries around the world participating as official flagship cities and over 400 cities also supporting, Earth Hour 2008 was celebrated on all seven continents. Landmarks all around the world turned off their non-essential lighting for Earth Hour, including the Sydney Opera House (Sydney, Australia), Empire State Building (New York City, USA), (examples) 2008 participantseditEarth Hour 2008 include 26 major cities worldwide and 300 smaller towns shutting off their lights.62009 Earth Hour 2009 was from 830 p.m. to 930 p.m. local time, March 28, 2009. 88 countries and 4,159 cities participated in Earth Hour 2009,37 x times more cities than Earth Hour 2008 had (2008 saw 400 cities participate).38 96 countries on 6 continents participated in the event in 2009. 2010 Earth Hour 2010 was held from 830 p.m. to 930 p.m. local time, 27 March.49 In Israel, the hour was he ld on 22 April.50 Earth Hour 2010 was reportedly the biggest Earth Hour yet, aiming to forgather more than the one million participant goal of 2009s Earth Hour.51 126 countries participated in Earth Hour 2010.522011 Earth Hour 2011 was the biggest year in the leans five year history, reaffirming it as the largest ever voluntary action for the environment. It took ordinate in a record 5,251 cities and towns in 135 countries and territories in all seven continents.59 It had an estimated reach of 1.8 billion people across the globe. In addition to this, the campaigns digital footprint grew to 91 million. 2012 Earth Hour 2012 was ascertained on 31 March 2012 from 830 p.m. to 930 p.m. (participants local time).66 It took place in more than 7000 cities and towns across 152 countries and territories, making it the biggest growth year for the campaign since 2009. In February, Earth Hour launched its 2012 campaign I lead If You Will, with the intention of engaging its growing global com munity to go beyond the hour and coordinate efforts publicly through Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and e-mail. Using a dedicated YouTube platform,67 IWIYW asks Earth Hours digital community to inspire people from all corners of the globe to take sustainability actions, and to share their commitment to the environment with their own social media networks. -2013 Earth Hour 2013 was held across the world on Saturday, March 23 at 830 p.m. to 930 p.m. local time71 to avoid taking place after European Summer Time begins, ensuring the great impact of the lights off event. It is also to avoid coinciding with Western Christianity Holy Saturday, which falls on March 30 of that year.2014 Earth Hour 2014 announced the date will schedule on March 29 as seen on the 2013 Earth Hour highlights I will if you will CampaignI Will If You Will (IWIYW) is an Earth Hour campaign to encourage positiveaction for the environment. The actions required are up to the individual or group. They could be big or sma ll and it might be a impartial lifestyle change or perhaps something that leads to political change. The campaign intends for people to become the inspiration to their friends, family, colleagues and communities by sharing what theyre willing to do to protect the planet. Challenges can be created or accepted on Earth Hours YouTube channel.Many organization supports and celebrity endorsement The Earth Hour Global FAQ page statesEarth Hour does not purport to be an energy/carbon reduction exercise, it is a symbolic action. Therefore, we do not engage in the measurement of energy/carbon reduction levels for the hour itself. Earth Hour is an initiative to encourage individuals, businesses and governments around the world to take accountability for their ecological footprint and engage in dialogue and resource exchange that provides real solutions to our environmental challenges. Participation in Earth Hour symbolises a commitment to change beyond the hour.86

Victims and Legislative Solutions Essay Example for Free

Victims and Legislative Solutions Essayknowing production, use or trafficking in counterfeit or unauthorized access devices such as whatsoever card, plate code, account number, electronic serial number personal identification number, that offer be used to obtain money, goods, services, or any other thing of value, or that can be used to initiate a transfer of bills (Cybercrime humanity and confidential Entities, 2007). Despite these measures in place, cybercrime is still a massive problem.This is due to the fact that hiring and retaining expert investigators is a daunting task because private companies offer a higher salary and better benefits than the national government (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007). Also, staff rotation policies in place at certain integrity enforcement organizations make it difficult for law enforcers to fully attend and address the situation properly (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007).Besides, it takes a year to train an investigator to be competent enough to process his own exemplar (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007). Individuals keep back to be trained because federal agencies lack resources to employ professional investigators (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007). In addition, multiple jurisdictions in place makes the matter even more complicated to handle (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007).Laws used to address cybercrime differ across states and nations. For example, not all US states have anti-spam laws or anti-spyware laws Further, jurisdictional boundaries can limit the actions that federal, state, and local law enforcement can take to investigate cybercrime that crosses local, regional and national borders (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007). Lastly, the complex nature of tracking an identify theft also poses a problem.Cybercriminals can take steps to remain anonymous, making it difficult, if not impossible, to attribute a crime to them this i s because cybercriminals can be physically located in one nation or state, direct their crime finished computers in multiple nations or states and store evidence for the crime on computers in yet other nation or state (Cybercrime Public and Private Entities, 2007). Hence, cybercriminals are rarely caught and if they are apprehended, the penalties are stripped-downCommunity service and parole are the usual sentence (Identity stealth How it Happens, 2000). Cybercriminals exist because engaging in identity theft enables them to acquire money and benefits such as material assets, medical insurance and tax returns without working conventionally to obtain them. Also, they are rarely caught because the system in place is disorganized and inefficient that is why identity theft remains a big problem. A national and specialized role should be set up to handle this situation.Resources should be allocated to this agency so that skilled investigators can be employed. This will speed the i nvestigation process because individuals in the force do not have to be trained for a year to be able to effectively deal with cases.ReferencesPrivacy Rights Clearinghouse. (2000, July 12). Identity Theft How it Happens, Its Impact on Victims and Legislative Solutions. Retrieved January 20, 2008, from http//www.gao.gov/

Pizza Pricing Essay Example for Free

Pizza Pricing EssayPizza brand, famous or not, has been making monetary value strategy to secure to rich person sales and profits to be successful. Pizza sea chantey uses the High/Low pricing strategy which makes them achieve success in the pizza industry. In game/low pricing strategy, a comp each can be allowed to have high prices and later have promotions to be able to have low price in a short-term(Badbreaks). Pizza uses this due to its proper quality. Alongside with pizza hut, other pizza brands were priced according to high/low strategy these were La kilobyte Orange Grocery and Uncle Sals. exactly most likely these two brands sometimes do not can promotions or discounts for its customer. For Dominoes, they were considering the low price strategy where they charge invariable prices. They correct may have promotions to rectify temporary discounts. Dominoes set prices which not merely low as compared to its other competitors but provides salutary quality pizzas. Papa Johns besides set price with regards to low price strategy, they also provide exceptionally good worth pizza with good quality (Scott).Together with price, product, promotion and calculate should be considered alongside with it. Usually these tools were considered as the marketing mixes that were employed to attain satisfaction of customers. Product is give tongue to to be the goods or services one company offers to the consumer. With regards to pricing, price should consider if the product is to be thirstily acceptable in the community. If it assumed to have good impact to society, the price could be of high cost. But it is advisable to have low cost even though not much good product. advancement refers to how the company put into public their goods product, also means how they commercialize the product. Prices can vary in harmony with the cost of promotion or advertisement of the product. Place is said to be the where products are distributed to reach their customers. In busy commercial place, prices should be low because your product may have a good opposition with other products. But in not crowded place, we may set a high price because your product may be a necessity and people will high chance of purchase it (Lake).If I have to come up with my own price strategy, I will design a strategy that sets my prices at not so high cost and requires memberships from customers in order that they can return of discounts from my products. Consumers will be required membership fees so that I can have much income even though discounts were given to members. Non members are to pay the prices set with no discounts. This strategy will fit any company because they were considered to have same value of pizzas.

Scenario Consider Essay Example for Free

Scenario pick up EssayOperant conditioning is based on the premise that doings can be organise and even modified with the aid of consequences. The main defining dissimilarity between operant conditioning and the unstained or Pavlovian conditioning is the fact that it is concerned with change or development of voluntary sort (Kirsch, Lynn, 2004). It is important to note that under operant conditioning the main variable of concern is the environment that is acted upon and is stupor by given variables (Dalla, Shors, 2009).The consequences of the operant therefore play an important parting in ensuring that a behavior that has been developed or modified is maintained. Under operant conditioning reinforcement and punishment are the call factors that determine the direction that behavior will be redirected to. Negative Vs Positive wages a) SimilaritiesThe core parity between positive and negative reinforcement is that they are all aimed at ensuring high relative frequen cy of tooshie behavior The use of a stimulus that is introduced into or removed from the environment under status is some other factor that is shared by the two forms of reinforcement (Wenger, Schmidt, Davisson, 2004). It is important note that the key goal in both forms of reinforcements is to increase the frequency of the expected or observed behavior b) Contrast The key difference between the two modes of reinforcement is the type of stimulus apply.In positive reinforcement the stimulus used is favorable and negative reinforcement employs an aversive stimulus (Myers, 2004). Another notable difference is that in just about cases negative reinforcement involves removal of a stimulus whereas positive reinforcement involves its introduction. Most Effective Reinforcement Positive reinforcement is to a greater extent effective than negative reinforcement. This choice is guided by the fact that reinforcements though included in the operant conditioning set up may in fact authoris e to forced adoption.It is important to note that the key goal in operant conditioning is to regard on the environment and not the organism being observed (Myers, 2004). Thus negative reinforcement which is in intimately cases included in the set up when behavior is being observed and removed once frequency has been heightened may lead to wrong results by impacting on the organism. On the other hand, positive reinforcement is not aimed at avoidance of a negative effect and therefore the behavior observed is likely to be of high level of accuracy.a two year old who is continually holler with minimal provocation. vociferous is behavior and provocation is a stimulus that impacts on this behavior The main aim in this scenario is to land the frequency of his or her outbursts with the introduction of a stimulus and a form of reinforcement. The stimulus under this consideration is to continually tell the child that crying is bad and may attract dangerous animals into their home.This m ay impact on the child perception of crying by affecting his sphere of thought or more accurately the environment. A reinforcement may also be required to increase the frequency with which a child responds positively (does not cry with minimal provocation). Reinforcement Schedule Candies are any childs front-runner and will therefore play an important role in reinforcing behavior It is important to note that candies are not within the environment when a child is provoked and therefore do not impact on behavior rather it is introduced later.After the first lecture, the child is presented with a candy when he resists crying after being slightly provoked. This cycle is continued with no increase or decrease in the number of candies that the child is presented with. It is important to note that the form of reinforcement used under this scenario is positive ascribable to the age of the subject and ethical concerns. Reference Dalla, C. , Shors, T. J. (2009).Sex differences in learning processes of classical and operant conditioning. Physiology Behavior, 97(2), 229-238. Kirsch, I. , Lynn, S. J. (2004). The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(4), 369-392. Myers, D. G. (2004). Exploring Psychology. London Worth Publishers. Wenger, G. R. , Schmidt, C. , Davisson, M. T. (2004). Operant condition in the Ts65Dn Mouse Learning. Behavior Genetics, 34(1), 105-119.

Vocational Education and Training Needs Analysis Essay Example for Free

Vocational Education and Training inescapably abbreviation EssayTraining methods used to stimulate learning can be classified in three ways, one of which is CONFERENCES LECTURES ON-THE-JOB TRAINING INTELLIGENT TUTORING 2. In evaluating training programs, it is important to distinguish _____ from data-collection methods. organisational PAYOFFS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION TARGETS OF EVALUATION 3. The evaluation phase is one phase of the process for utile training to occur. Which of the following IS NOT A PART OF THE EVALUATION PHASE? SELECT TRAINING MEDIA arrest CRITERIA PRETEST TRAINEES MONITOR TRAINING 4. _____ analysis is helpful in determining the special needs of a finical group, such as older litigateers, WOMEN, OR MANAGERS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS. INDIVIDUAL ORGANIZATION DEMOGRAPHIC operations 5. Which of the following is an example of an on-the-job training method? UNDERSTUDY ASSIGNMENTS ROLE PLAYING INTELLIGENT TUTORING discipline METHOD 6. Which of the following is an example of the simulation method of training? JOB ROTATION ORIENTATION correspondence COURSES IN-BASKET 7.The level of training needs analysis that attempts to identify the content of the training is _____ ANALYSIS. ENVIRONMENTAL operations ORGANIZATIONAL INDIVIDUAL 8. _____ refers to the material that is rich in association for the trainees and is therefore easily UNDERSTOOD BY THEM. PYGMALION EFFECT TRAINING PARADOX ORIENTATION MEANINGFULNESS 9. Which theory is founded on the premise that an individuals intentions ordain his or her behavior? CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE possibility GOAL THEORY GROUNDED THEORY ATTRIBUTION THEORY 10.The impact of training on _____ is the most significant, but it is the most difficult effect to DEMONSTRATE. ORGANIZATIONAL RESULTS DEMOGRAPHICS do LEARNING TRAINEE SELF-ESTEEM 11. When trainees are given the opportunity to practice far beyond the point where they ca-ca performed a TASK CORRECTLY SEVERAL TIMES, THE TASK BECOMES SECOND NATURE AND IS OVERLEARNED IRRELEVANT REPETITIVE wearisome 12. The level of training needs analysis that focuses on identifying whether training supports the COMPANYS STRATEGIC bang IS CALLED _____ ANALYSIS. OPERATIONS INDIVIDUAL ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Vocational education, Training, Practice, aptitude RELATED DOCUMENTS Vocational Education and Training THERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN VOCATIONAL ASPECTS TO SCHOOLING IN AUSTRALIA. HOWEVER, IN RECENT TIMES THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASED focus ON THIS ASPECT OF SCHOOLING at bottom BOTH THE GENERAL CURRICULUM AND THOSE AREAS THAT HAVE A PARTICULAR VOCATIONAL FLAVOUR. IN WHAT WAYS DOES THIS EMPHASIS PROVIDE A BROADER OR NARROWER CONCEPTION OF EDUCTION FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS?YOUR RESPONSE NEEDS TO REFER TO (I) THE AIMS OF THE ? NEW VOCATIONALISM AND HOW IT IS 297 spoken language 7 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS ? Training demand Analysi s and Skills Audit Easy seven step plan covers Who received training in your organisation death year? Does anyoneneed a refresher course? What about your staffs career aspirations do you fare their capabilities? Step 1 How should I consult? It is recommended that employers consult with all staff on an annual floor to assess organisational training and development297 Words 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Training Needs Analysis Library Get Custom Help eBook Library About BrainMass Expert Profiles Blog cease Quizzes Videos Business Management Problem 416292 sample solutions faq subject Study Training Needs Analysis Case ALL IT TAKES IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING In 1987, Ms. Dillman was hired by IMP to work in Hangar 3 at North American International Airport as a seamstress in their fabric shop. 297 Words 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Training phylogenesis Need Analysis

National Economy over the Next Decade Essay Example for Free

National Economy over the Next decennary EssayBeyond 2007, the pace of economic harvest-tide will probably slow somewhat. The main grounds is that the labor force is projected to grow less quickly as members of the baby-boom generation begin to fork over and as the scheduled expiration of various tax provisions in 2011 discour suppurates work by tiptop marginal tax runs. Real GDP is projected to grow at an average yearly rate of 3. 1 pct between 2008 and 2011 and at 2. 6 percent between 2012 and 2016. The rate of inflation is faux to average 2.2 percent after 2007 and the unemployment rate, 5. 2 percent. Interest rates on three-month and 10-year Treasury securities ar projected to average 4. 4 percent and 5. 2 percent, respectively (Marron 6). Over the longer term, the aging of the U. S. creation combined with rapidly rising health care costs will put significant strains on the federal budget, which begin to be evident within the projection period. When the first memb ers of the baby-boom generation reach age 62 in 2008, they will become eligible for Social Security benefits.As a result, the annual rate of growth of Social Security spending is expected to increase from about 4. 8 percent in 2008 to 6. 5 percent in 2016. In addition, because the cost of health care is likely to wait rising rapidly, the annual rate of growth of Medicare spending is projected to increase from 7. 4 percent in 2008 to about 8. 9 percent in 2016. (Medicare spending is anticipated to rise by 17 percent this year and 14 percent in 2007 as the new prescription drug program gets down the stairs way.) Rapid growth is also projected for Medicaid spendingan average of 8. 3 percent annually from 2008 to 2016. concord to Congressional Budget Office, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid together will account for 56 percent of all federal spending by the end of the projection period (up from 43 percent in 2006). Measured as a share of the economy, spending for the three pro grams will equal 10. 8 percent of GDP in 2016, up from 8. 7 percent this year.In addition, no evidence suggests that the growth of health care costs, which demand risen faster than GDP over the past four decades, is likely to slow significantly in the future. As a result, spending for Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid will exert pressures on the budget that economic growth alone is unlikely to alleviate. A substantial reduction in the growth of spending and perhaps a sizable increase in taxes as a share of the economy will be indispensable for fiscal stability to be at all likely in the coming decades.ReferencesBaker, Gerard. U. S. economy whitethorn be headed for a big crash. The Times of London. August 23, 2006. 23 Aug 2006. http//thechronicleherald. ca/Business/522414. html Barrell, peter et al. World Economy Forecast. National Institute Economic Review. 28th July, 2006. No. 197. Baumohl, Bernard. Mid-Year U. S. Economic Forecasts For 2006 and 2007. Wharton School Publis hing. June 15, 2006. 23 Aug 2006. http//www. whartonsp. com/articles/article. asp? p=420081rl=1

Roman Lnadmarks Essay Example for Free

papistical Lnadmarks EssayThe divides created during the Roman Empire did not only signify Romes culture, save also shown its strong point and technological advances. The Colosseum and the aqueducts show how technologically and economically advance Rome was. Not only this, the Coloseum and many aqueducts run low to show that Romes architecture are not only a feats of engineering but portals to one of histories greatest empires.The Roman aqueducts played a vital role in the empire. They supplied fresh piss for Romes citizens. while some eighteen aqueducts brought fresh water to Romes major(ip) cities. The aqueducts, some of which delivered well over forty million gallons of water per day to a single site, (Fiero, 73). The aqueducts not only brought water, they were technological wonders. The city of Nimes in France had a twenty-five mile long aqueduct. The aqueducts were do realistic by the use of arches. The Romans employed the structural advantages of the arch (the know ledge of which they inherited from the Etruscans) to enclose greater volumes of uninterrupted space than any previously known, ( 73). This made long distance aqueducts possible, thus making a unendingly watered and clean empire.The Colosseum was one Romes greatest architectural achievement in its history. The Colossuem brought enjoyment through violence to the populace. What made it an architectural achievement was the fact such a massive construction was built and well maintained over centuries of abuse. What made this durability and endurance was the invention of concrete. Roman building techniques reveal a combination of practicality and innovation The Romans were the first to use concrete (an aggregate of sand, lime, brick-and-stone rubble, and water), a strong suit that made possible cheap large scale construction, (74).Concretes combination of durability and economics made building a structure of that size (holding up to 50,000 spectators) possible. Not only was it the s tructures size that made it an architectural achievement was that it was well decorated and anatomyed. The ingenious combination of arch and post-and-lintel structural elements in the design of the Colosseum would be widely imitated for centuries, and especially in the Italian Renaissance, (75). The Colosseum itself was decorated with bronze, plaster, marble, and tile, making the Colloseum not only a well-built structure but an aesthetically presentable one. Thus making the Colloseum an architectural icon and crowning landmark in Rome for many years to come.The landmarks in Rome not only show the agency and glory of Rome, but pave the way into the future of architecture. Concrete and arches set forth the building pulley of massive structures that could last for thousands of years. The Colloseum and the aqueducts are not only marvels of engineering, but icons that signify that Rome was once a great empire.Works citedFiero, Gloria K. Landmarks in Humanities 3rd Ed, BostonMcGraw Hil l, 2012. Print

Readiness of Kindergarten Teachers along K-12 Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Readiness of Kindergarten T each(prenominal)ers along K-12 Curriculum EssayOne of the major reforms in our countrys educational system is Republic Act 10157, otherwise known as The Kindergarten nurture equity or the K to12 (K+12). This Law made the Kindergarten compulsory and mandatory entry to basic education. This Law was initiated by the Aquino administration in order to address the perceived decreasing quality of education in the country, and to bump the international standard regarding the number of classs in basic education. This class will make any incoming students to enroll into dickens more long time of basic education. The K+12 musical arrangement will include the Universal kindergarten, 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high instructdays with an spare 2 years for senior high school. The program is implement and formulated along with the committee on Higher Education (CHED) and with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) . The current k-12 model that had been implemented in the country is an educational landscape for basic and thirdhand system patterned after the join States, Canada and some parts of Australia had done it.According to PatriciaVelascos article, the K- 12 Curriculum envisions holistically separateed learners with 21st degree Celsius skills (DepEd Primer, 2011). This further means that e real student would have an understanding of the world around him and a warmness for life-long reading while addressing either students basic learnedness needs learning to learn, the skill of numeracy, literacy, and scientific and technological knowledge applied to daily life (p. 6). The main objective of the K to 12 curriculum is to achieve the DepEds goal of eradicating illiteracy rate in the country. No child is left behind. (source). Every Filipino has the right to receive quality education in order to set about an asset in all dimensions, competent, efficient, effective and productive citizen leading to a decent and comfortable living. The most raise part concerning the K to 12 program is on its practical assistance for the poor but near students. For instance, the student standnot afford to go to college he is given an option or privilege to be employ not as a professional but on technical job because his skills acquired and developed during his elder High School can be a guarantee for hisqualification for a vocational employment.Moreover, the program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to be easily employed. Our country is the still country in Asia and among the countries in the world that has a 10 year pre- university program. The program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. The system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be well-prepared especially in emotional and cognitive aspects. Through this, graduates will be able to fa ce the pressures of their future workplace.The K-12 aims the students to have a relevance or importance in the affable and economic reality of life. The nation of their role as members of the country. Thus, this vision will be screw through an enhanced curriculum. (K-12 Kindergarten Curriculum puff 2013) DepEd said that this is the right time to do something better for the field of education, having poor quality education. The DepEd released their stand along the reform. In stressing the need for the new system of basic education, President Benigno S. Aquino III said, We need to add two years of our basic education.Those who can afford pay up to fourteen yearsof schooling forrader university. Thus, their children are getting to the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding. (source) With the K-12 program, different arguments were formulated. Not all are in favor of th e K+12 Education program.There are students complaining of the additional years and there are parents who are not in favor of the additional expenses. But it is an needful fact that additional years in the education system will really require more budgets not just from the government but from theparents as well. Aside from this, students will need additional classrooms, school supplies and facilities. The program would need more qualified teachers as well.Teachers plays an distinguished role 1 / 3 in the K-12 program because they are the ones who will teach the kindergarten pupils, especially the Pre school teachers. Markovac amp Rogulja, 2009, stated that the, early mete out main goal is to fulfill the Delors principles Learning to be, learning to do, learning to know and learning to live unitedly and to live with others. The early childishness is a time of rapid growth in all aspects ofchildrens development fostered by their pictorial curiosity and adult support.Therefore, Preschool education is the foundation for a childs education. The skills and knowledge that a child develops in the preschool years will have a dramatic impact on a childs success when schematic schooling begins as well as life success. Preschool education is important because it can give your child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. The first year of a childs life is globally acknowledged to be the critical year for long development because the pace of development during these years isextremely rapid (National Council of Educational Research and Training, 2006 as cited in the K to 12 Curriculum Guide Kindergarten). plot children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge and skill set. The Pre school teachers are supposed to have the cour mature and knowledge to teach the l ittle ones. They will serve as the guide and the second mother at school. Childrens learning will greatly depend on the teachers strategies.Hence, kindergarten teachers should provide them with an engaging and creative curriculum that is developmentally appropriate, age appropriate and socio culturally appropriate (DepEd K to 12 Curriculum guide for Kindergaten, 2012). Many new parents send-off hearing about K-12 since before their kids are born. However, they are not very clear about what K12 means, and wherefore is necessary for them to start inform themselves about it as it will impact their kids future. What Is K12 Education? This term was coined to answer for primary and secondary education. This includes kindergarten (K) all the way to the 12 grade.This extremely popular type of education is very common among several countries around the world. K to 12 stands for kindergarten plus 12 years of elementary and secondary education. This educational system for basic and secon dary education is widely adopted around the world. Early childhood education is intended to support and complement family upbringing and the main goal is to create good opportunities and conditions for each childs well-being, create a stimulating environment for the childs comprehensive development and learning while taking into account their age, gender and individual features.The role of early childhood cope and education settings in improving childrens development has begun to be viewed with increasing importance. The recognition that centre-based childcare is associated with a host of positive developmental outcomes for children, such as increased cognitive abilities, language development, and emotional and social development (Kagan amp Neuman, 1997 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early childcare Research Network NICHD, 2000, 2002, 2008 NICHD amp Duncan, 2003), has led to the introduction of a new policy in Ireland that provides every three-year-old c hild with access to a free preschool place for one year (Office of the Minister for Children and Youth personal matters OMCYA, 2009).The importance of preschool learning is that first, parents must remember that preschool education is the foundation for your childs education. As Adams (2008) stressed that early childhood education is the key to building a strong foundation for a childs educational success. The skills and knowledge (not to mention aptitude and attitude) that your child develops in the preschool years will have a dramatic impact on your childs success when formalschooling begins as well as life success, as supported by the House Bill 5367 (2009), aimed to incorporate preschool education to basic education with the DepEd at the term of its implementation all over the country.This bill was in consonance with the states policy to provide equal opportunities for all children to avail themselves of free and compulsory preschool education that effectively promotes physica l, social, intellectual, emotional simulations, let exclusively values formation to adequately prepare them for formal elementary schooling, second is that by activelypromoting and promote your childs preschool learning you will promote his or her self esteem as well.Help your child collect confidence by making learning fun and easy at this age and you will 2 / 3 help make your child an eager lifelong learner and the finally preschool education is important because it can give your child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors when they begin their formal education they will be behind the childrenwho already possess that knowledge and skill set.According to Anita Woolfolk lighter and Megan Tschannen Moran ,(2002), teachers sense of readiness has been related to students outcomes such as achievement (Ross, 1992), motivation, (Mi dgley, Feldlaufer, amp Eccles, 1998) and students own sense of efficacy ( Anderson, Greene, amp Loewen, 1998). DepEd Secretary Armin Luistro stated that enhancing the competencies of pre-school teachers will have a great impact on the new learners. We should ensure that teachers are ready for the challenge of making our young kids first school experience pleasurableand giving them a positive experience that will motivate them to remain in school and complete their education. This means that pre-school teachers are the implementers of the socially defined curriculum objectives. They help children to adapt to the society and to become its members, to develop interaction between children and different generations, and absorb the main behavioral habits and roles of the community. Also their task is to educate children to become unique subjects and persons as they truly are (Dewey, 1916 Ojakangas, 1998 Siljander, 2002) To become preschool teachers one must have the ability to fold wit h pupils ages 5.A preschool teacher needs to be proficient in helping children learn how to cooperate, providing fun learning activities suitable for preschoolers, keeping children safe, working as a team member with other teachers and interacting with parents. Preschool teachers need to be eager participants in childrens growth and development, as well as helping students understand how to use their natural curiosity to help make the appropriate developmental leaps in their skills and abilities. They are expected to create an halo where risks can be taken and discoveries made while children remain safe. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy Essay Example for Free

Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy EssayThe reactive acid chloride can whence be toughened with a primary or secondary amine to induce the amide along with HCl, which reacts with the excess amine to give an alkylammonium chloride salt. The mechanism of this process is shown on the following page in Scheme 22 pic Scheme 2 To carry out this chemical reaction, the setup shown in anatomy 1 go out be assembled. The apparatus must(prenominal) be dry, since thionyl chloride go out react with water to give sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride.The acid chloride will then be cooled to room temporary workererature and dissolved in anhydrous ether. Ice-cold diethylamine will be added as a solution in anhydrous ether to form the amide. The resulting ether assortment will washed with sedimentary sodium hydrated oxide (to invite out any excess acid chloride), then washed with hydrochloric acid (to remove any excess diethylamine).The resulting ether solution of DEET will be desiccated and evaporated to yield the crude product, which will then be purified by column chromatography to afford pure DEET. The percent yield from m-toluic acid will be determined and the product will be analyzed by transmission infrared spectroscopy (IR) as a neat audition using NaCl plates5 to confirm its structure by (1) looking at the major absorptions and comparing them to a correlation table6 and (2) by comparing the spectrum to that of an authentic sample.Thionyl chloride is toxic and corrosive Do not breath the vapors Use in a hood When heating a reaction apparatus, be sure that it is open to the air so that pressure build up and subsequent displume of the apparatus does not occur. When heating liquids, make sure the liquid is stirred (or a boiling bite is added) to prevent bumping. When performing an extraction, make sure to vent the separatory funnel often to prevent pressure build-up. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 was assembled.The 10-mL reaction fl ask was charged with 0. 275 g of m-toluic acid (0. 0020 mol) and 0. 30 mL of thionyl chloride (0. 492 g, 0. 0041 mol). The condenser water was started, and the categorization was gently heated with stirring on an aluminum block (block temp 90 oC) until boiling started. The reaction mixture was then gently boiled for about 15 minutes. after the boiling period was finished, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. 4. 0 mL of anhydrous ether were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. To this solution was added (dropwise over a 15 minute period) a solution of 0. 6 mL of cold (0 oC) diethylamine (0. 462 g, 0. 0063 mol) in 1. 33 mL of anhydrous ether. During the addition, a thick white cloud of diethylamine hydrochloride was formed.After complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 10 minutes. 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL) was then added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 15 minutes at room temperature, then poured into a separatory funnel and allowed to separate. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with an additional portion of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL), followed by a portion of 10% hydrochloric acid (2 mL).The organic layer was washed with water (2 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to yield crude N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as dark brown liquid. The crude product was filtered through a bunco alumina column using hexane as the eluent ( 5 mL). The hexane solution was evaporated to give 0. 340 g of pure N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as a yellow liquid. Reaction of m-toluic acid with thionyl chloride, followed by diethylamine produced 0. 340 g of a yellow liquid the IR spectrum of which unequivocally showed the presence of the amide carbonyl functional group at 1633 cm-1. In addition, absorptions due to aliphatic C-H (2980 2880 cm-1), and remindful C=C (at 1585 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to t his report.These data are consistent with the structure of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), shown in Figure 2 below pic Figure 2 N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) In addition, the IR of the product closely corresponds with that of an authentic sample of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) shown in the lab text. 9 Also, the 1H-NMR shows the presence of four (4) aromatic protons in the region 7. 3 7. 1 ppm, as well as a three (3) proton singlet at 2. 35 ppm, which corresponds to the benzylic methyl radical group. The presence of two ethyl groups is clearly shown by the presence of two quartets which integrate to 2 protons distributively at 3. 53 and 3. 24 ppm, and two triplets which integrate to 3 protons each at 1. 23 and 1. 09 ppm.

Reflective Journal Essay Example for Free

Reflective Journal EssayA mvictimization journal is a way of thinking in a critical and analytical way about your sound in progress. It shows how distinct aspects of your work interconnect.The journal can record where your inspiration comes from how you fudge use of your ideas to develop your work your awareness of the heathen context (setting) in which you work This context implicates other artists work and their ideas the ideas of critics and theorists social, political, aesthetic and ideological contexts. The journal could include research notes personal comments on your own work notes/images from gallery visits quotes extracts from lectures, tutorials, books, journals photos/sketches small and analytical themeCritical writing involves many of the same processes as when reading. So what is Critical reading? To read critically is to make judgements about how a text is written and argued. This is a highly reflective skill requiring you to stand rump from the t ext you are reading. You might have to read a text through once to fasten a basic grasp of content before you launch into an intensive critical reading. These are the keys move intot read only for information (surface approach) do read for clues about views and opinions (deep approach) This means comparing the same issue from different points of view identifying an argument (analysis of ideas/opinions) in the text identifying conclusions and spotting how different people start at different conclusions deciding what you think, based on the evidence available Then, in your own writing look at the subject from different viewpoints show a clear line of reasoning present evidence to support your reasoning be clear what your conclusions areHere are some slipway to help you read critically read beginning and end of text to get an overview colour mandate different viewpoints underline key words, phrases, or sentences write comments in the margins (use stickers if its not your book) bracket cardinal sections of the text show links with lines or arrows number related points in sequenceReflective musical compositionWhat is reflective writing?Reflective writing is evidence of looking back at an event, idea, object, experience, process, etc It involves analysing and commenting on the object, process, etc from different points of view using contemporary ideas and theories exploring and explaining the importance or relevance of the object, process, etc considering things that went wrong as well as successes saying what the object, process, etc means to you saying how your learning will influence the way you workHow to structure reflective writing1 2 Description (dont make this too long) What is it? What happened? Why am I talking about it? Interpretation What is important, relevant, interesting, useful? How is it similar to or different from others? How can it be explored, explained using contemporary theories? Outcome What have I learned from th is? How will it influence my future work?

Some People Prefer Get Up Early Essay Example for Free

Some multitude Prefer Get Up Early EssayI prefer get up wee Some people prefer to get up former(a) in the solar daytimebreak and start the geezerhood work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? in my view, some people want to get up early in the morning and start the days work in the hotel and some get up later in the day and start to work late at night in the night market. I prefer the origin choice due to my status as a student. My cousin Pretty is a receptionist on day shift in the Diamond Hotel.To illustrate, she has to wake herself up at 4 am to cook nutrition for breakfast because she must be at work at 7 am. Moreover, she does not pee much(prenominal) time to watch TV or listen to the radio. She decides to share time between bathing and take for breakfast make-up which is important for people working as receptionists in the hotel. Doing this job has an effect on her sleeping habit. She spends only five hour s getting some sleep which normally takes eight hour on average.My aunt, Ann, is a street vendor who sells many things ranging from beef, pork and vegetables. To be specific, she wakes up at 2 pm to prepare goods ready before the beginning of the night market around 8 pm. Her son helps send goods and put up a selling stall. After midnight, she and her son have to clear away the selling stall for tomorrow. This work causes her to have no time to raise and talk to her son. I study in a school because I have to take care of my dog.In this case, I have much time after work to care for her. I always take her to a park and have a walk and have dinner almost every day. The reason I can do these things is that I have the days school therefore, I have a good opportunity to escape with my dog . Getting up in the morning or later at night is a choice depending on different circumstances. The job is one of the most important indicators influencing your getting up early or late every day. For me, it affects my decision on bringing up my lovely dog.

Care of a Confused Parent

wield of a Conf expenditured P bentI N T R O D U C T I O NThe first FETAC Level 5 Assignment in Care Skills module requires that learners produce an assignment on the care of a mixed-up person. This confusion enkindle be the dissolvent of every number of causes from an illness much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dementia or Alzheimers disease or the long term use or an abuse of drugs and /or alcohol. The assignment moldiness be completed answering in truth specific points (as emergelined in the table of contents). This assignment was compiled utilise various methodologies includingClassroom lectures and feedback sessionsClass notes and Manual, hard copy manuals and booksOne to one sessions with Work Experience Skills perambulatorPrevious life experience of caring for an ill family memberOnline research and library researchFor the resolve of this assignment the author has decided to highlight one particular client who is in the care for phratry in which the author is completin g her work experience module. The clients name has been changed in order to respect her rights to retirement and dignity.The client in this example has been diagnosed with Stage 4 Lung crabby person (T4, N3) which denotes that she suffers from a malignant tumour which has invaded the oesophagus, epicardium, pleural cavity, T5 and T6 vertebrae with Metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph node. She also suffers from osteoarthritis of L2-L5 and S1-S5, Type 2 Diabetes and Psoriasis.She is currently on a variety of medications which are listed in her Care forge, along with creams and ointments for the Psoriasis. Presently she suffers from severe bouts of confusion as a result of her hurt medications and of neces mouldy constant monitoring and care. In conjunction with her family, and a multi-disciplinary team Catherine has decided to move to a Nursing Home where she impart receive the type of holistic care she requires. Catherine has also documented her specific wishes regarding her closing and funeral arrangements and all of which has to be respected by all mired, the details are listed in her Care course of study along with the emergency contact details if her condition should suddenly decline.INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT sign assessment of Catherines destinys using the Logan Roper Tierney model of assessment an individualised, client- amountd holistic approach to Catherines care has been devised.PhysicalCatherine loves the outdoors and she should be encouraged to continue this through gardening pickings her out for walks, especially during spells of confusion. Ensure she has her walking stick and bring the wheelchair as she gets br downhless very easily.Shower quetch and chair must be available in her room and always take care that the non-slip mat is on the ground. When she is rugged she impedes how to wash herself properly and testamenting pauperisation assistant.IntellectualCatherine loves to read and complete quizzes and cross talking to t hese are very good for stimulation and they should be do available to her in her room and in the daylight room.The news and primetime are two of her favourite programs chink that they are on the TV in her room and the day room.Diversional therapy of card games and jigsaws are great for completing when she is confused.EmotionalAs a result of the illness and her pending death Catherine provide become depressed she must be encouraged, made see wanted loved, needed and always try to sustentation her decision to move into the nursing home hearty/SpiritualSocially, Catherine has a lot of friends with whom she plays cards they are going to come visit her once a week to continue this tradition, the other residents should be encouraged to join in also as it will aid integrate her more. Her large family of 8 children and 63 grand-children/great-grand-children/great-great grand-children all visit her when she is at home and will continue to do so. It is amazing the Catherine remember s all their names and dates of birth during spells of confusion though she does tend to forget them a little.Catherine is very religious and attends mass every Sunday when she is well the angelus must be said at 12pm and 6pm and the rosary at 9pm.I D E N T I F Y T H E L E V E L O F A S S I S T A N C E R E Q U I R E DCatherine has very low level needs when she is not confused. She needs help sitting up in the fill out and washstandnot use the remote control as her fingers are very badly damaged from the arthritis and as such will need avail getting out of bed. She cannot manage small buttons when dressing and most age she just wears t-shirts but on Sundays she wishes to wear a blouse going to mass and will need assistance with that. Catherine dose not wear dentures and is on a chopped diet for now, she can manage to use cutlery but prefers to use a spoon. When she is confused she forgets when to eat and sometimes forgets that she has eaten so she will need monitoring when eati ng rather than assistance.MAINTAINING A SAFE ENVIRONMENTDuring confused spells Catherine likes to walk and as such walkways will get down to be completely compliant with the Health and Safety Regulations for care as stick out by the Health and Safety Authority. (HSA.ie, 2014) It would also be a good intervention to ensure that her walking aid is always within arms reach and that her shoes/slippers have natural rubber soles and are well maintained.For showering, the shower stool must be readily available and ensure that the manus rails are well maintained. The toilet in her room has a raised toilet after part and rail which must be cleaned and maintained regularly. Catherine will also use a commode, but when she is confused does not realise where she is when trying to urinate therefore she should be encouraged to go to the bathroom to nourish her dignity.When going on outings with her family Catherines wheelchair must accompany her always and kept well maintained and ensure the wheels are pumped.PROMOTE CLIENT INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL EVENTS AND THERAPIESCatherine likes to play cards therefore she would lie with it as part of the available diversional therapies. The HCA can have table quizzes added to the curriculum of activities by the activities co coordinator and help her participate by writing the answers to the questions and holding the cards when she is confused one to one games such as Patience or Snap are very helpful.Catherine is quite a sociable person and will have loads of visitors they will help to integrate her with the other residents and they play cards, tell stories, Irish bounce and play music some days she wishes not to have any visitors or participate in activities in order to honor her from this depression the HCA could encourage her to attend the card game or maybe say some prayers with her as her strong beliefs will help to alleviate the depression. Catherine has refused to attend the Cuisle Centre in Portlaoise which has numero us activities and therapies available to cancer sufferers. The HCA could bring her more development on the services provided and explain what they are in detail and answer any questions she may have in order to encourage her to attend. They pop the question a Gardening Therapy workshop each week which would really benefit her along with the CranioSacral therapy and Holistic abrade would be beneficial for her also and she should be encouraged to go by bringing her down to the centre and having a talk with other clients that attend. (Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, 2014)MOBILITY INDLUDING FALLS AND ram AREA CAREFALLSThe results from the Morse Falls Assessment in Catherines Care Plan show that on non-confused days she is at low risk, but during spells of confusion she is moderate risk and as such should be encouraged to walk around more during lucid days and be accompany outdoors for short walks if her breathing allows allow her to push the wheelchair for a while will help and support her. The activities co-ordinator has a great curriculum for mobility and Catherine should be encouraged to participate in order to help keep her arms active.PRESURE AREA CAREAs Catherine suffers from Psoriasis she is even more susceptible to pressure sore development. Her fur should be cared for as per her prescribed treatment creams and lotions to be applied daily. At the moment she is fairly wandering(a) and does not remain in the one spot for too long if she suffers bad pain during the day she tends to stay in bed and will need assistance turning and should be encouraged to do so a second HCA may be needed for this as she has had two hip replacements which have to be cared for also a hoist may be needed on occasion. Gel cushions should be used when she is playing cards with friends as she could be in the one position for hours, to break this she should be encouraged to get up and walk around every hour even if for a fewer minut es.EFFECTIVE VERBAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION WITH CLIENT AND HEALTHCARE TEAMCatherine has to attend various appointments for scans and pain medication updates. Any new developments need to be explained in full to her so she can execute an informed decision as to what course of action she wants to pursue. Catherine must be kept informed at all times of any changes in her condition and has requested that she be told first so she can decide whether to tell her family. She has stated during meetings regarding her funeral wishes but may want to change these so ensure any changes are documented.All daily charts are to be kept updated immediately and inform the staff hold of any famed changes in her condition at handover. As her cancer is rapid and fast progressing Catherines condition can and will change on a daily basis therefore intellectual nourishment and fluid charts are vital. At the moment she is normal on the M.U.S.T scale, but as she tends not to eat when in pain this has to be carefully monitored and reported if she is refusing food or fluids.ASSIST CLIENT WITH ACTIVITIES OF free-and-easy LIVINGMobility AssistanceCatherine needs assistance when getting in and out of bed. She can sometimes sit up on her own but during spells of confusion she forgets how to stand up and should be encouraged and support to do it herself as long as possible without the aid of a hoist. She may also need assistance getting in and out of the shower and needs her hair to be washed as she can no longer raise her arms above elbow height.If the weather if favourable Catherine likes to go outside she should be accompanied and ensure her wheelchair is in good working order. Allow her to walk as much as she can pushing the wheelchair but ensure she does not get too stock(a) encourage her to get into the wheelchair and continue until she wishes to return.Catherines pain medication is prescribed by the GP and monitored by the Palliative Care team. She has certain pain killers tha t are available to her without the nurses supervision please record when and what she is taking and report it back to the nurse for monitoring.At the moment Catherine is normal on the M.U.S.T scale and we have to campaign to keep her that way she is on a chopped diet but needs to be monitored as the tumour is pressing on her oesophagus it could cause a choking hazard any noted changes to her swallow must be reported back to the nurse for further investigation by the MDT. When she is confused Catherine needs assistance eating as she forgets how to use the cutlery.PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF THE CLIENT TO DIGNITY, PRIVACY, INDEPENDENCE, POSITIVE SELF computeAs Catherine is very self-conscious about her body every effort must be made to give her as much privacy as possible when dressing and showering. She will need assistance dressing on occasion especially when she is confused as she gets the order of clothing mixed up. The HCA can discuss her wishes with her and come to an arrangeme nt regarding the assistance she requires.Catherine is very independent and likes to take her own medications and feed herself. She has show her wishes numerous times to all her family and multidisciplinary team regarding her funeral wishes and insists that she not be left alone from now on and even when she passes she does not want to be alone until she is buried with her husband.Catherine needs to feel in control of the disease and wants to be informed if there is any changes being made to her medications or if the multidisciplinary team see that she is declining in any way regardless of the news make sure she is kept informed and involved in all decisions it is best practice to inform Catherine first and let her decide when and how much information he and the rest of the family is to be told.BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp//www.upledgerclinic.com/conditions_symptoms.htmlhttp//www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/http//www.ahrq.gov/legacy/research/ltc/fallpxtoolkit/fallpxtool3h.htmhttp//www.clinical oncologyonline.net/article/S0936-6555(08)00451-2/abstracthttp//www.nurse2nurse.ie/Upload/NA6762article.pdfhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059769http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-proREFERENCESCuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, (2014). Therapies Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise. online in stock(predicate) at http//www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/ Accessed 19 Dec. 2014.Knott, D. (2014). End of Life Care Doctor Patient.co.uk. online Patient.co.uk. Available at http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-pro Accessed 15 Dec. 2014.1

The Current Firewall Technology Computer Science Essay

The Current Firewall Technology Computer wisdom EssayCurrently firewall technology as a specialized engineering solution rather than a scientifically based solution. Currently firewall is classified in to lead category softw atomic number 18 system filtering, procurator boniface, and stateful firewall. This penning is main focus on the various casing of firewall available and their pros and cons.Originally computing wrench communicate was figure of speech for data communication to sh are the resources. The sharing of resources was bounded in the midst of universities. Eventually businesses, corporations, g all overnment agencies were begun to use internet. So interlock become vital part of their institution. Computer networking, however, is not without risks as Howard illustrates in his analysis of over 4000 security incidents on the Internet in the midst of 1989 and 1995 1. A neutral approach to network protection draws from some(prenominal) other fields, such as physi cal security, somebodynel security, operations security, communication security, and social mechanisms. 2 According to rendering firewall is a set of mechanisms that can enforce a network domain security policy on communication traffic entering or leaving a network policy domain 3. In simple word firewall is guard point which gives control point of entry or exit from computer or network. It is a first line of defence and it is similarly a contact point of the network. It is real im behaviorant to choose and design firewall to guard at heart network from alfresco feeler.Case Study cipher 1 ABC.Ltd network 6Above figure shows our trip study network . Consider a case where comp all ABC.Ltd want to implement a firewall for their campus design. Comp either whole network is divide in to three parts, inside network, Demilitarized Z champion (DMZ) and right(prenominal) network. Inside network has ip address 10.1.1.0/24. DMZ is further divided in to two sub section one is protected DMZ which has ip address 192.168.11.0/24 and dirty DMZ which is dump emcee whose ip address is 192.168.1.0/24. Dump host is a computer which got nothing important in it. These dump hosts are act as a honey seat which is use to lure attacker so that network security designer know variant type of attack and help them to design security policy. DMZ is a zone where company put their function equal web services, FTP services etc. Company has remote office which uses secure VPN to bind to the main campus network.There are various type of firewall technology which are packet filtering, placeholder boniface and stateful firewall, Network point of reference Translation (NAT),Software firewall. Each firewall has their advantages and disadvantages. Rest portion of this paper is describe pro and cons of different firewall.Packet FilteringThis is one of the simple types of firewall. This firewall is work on OSI point 3 and 4.It filter packet by looking at IP address, TCP/UDP port num ber. It compare the incoming packet against pre define hulk tack together in to the router. After comparing router make decision to cater in or renounce the packet 4. An access argument is used to create rule to make decision. witness shows the working of the packet filtering firewall.Figure 2 Packet Filtering in Router 4ProsThe simplest of the firewall technologies to configure. Only required access list to configure the firewall.Packet filtering capabilities are easily available in many hardware and software routing products, two commercially and they are freely available over the Internet.It is less processor intensifier. Adding a filtering rule to a router produces little or no additional proceeding overhead.It is use for all type of masking program because it operates at the OSI grade 3 (Network) and layer 4 (Transport) layer.Only one router is required to protect entire network.ConsThe packet filter has no legal to identify the authenticity of source. A well trai ned intruder can spoof inside IP address and can fool the firewall as the packet is from inside network.Since filtering rule is configuring manually it add administrative workload. Adding complex rule to the firewall decrease the router performance.In some cases, the filtering is incompatible with certain cachingStrategies comm besides used for performance enhancement.Some policies cannot readily be enforced by normal packet filtering routers.ExampleThe following spokesperson shows how to build basic packet filtering firewallConsider a scenario of company whose inside network is lying in IP address range 10.1.1.0/24. Ethernet 0/1 is inside interface and Ethernet 0/0 is outside interface. To protect against IP spoofing attack following access list policy is configure accession list 100 deny ip 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any logA ccess list 100 deny ip 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip host 255.255.255.255 any logAccess list 100 permit ip any 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255Interface Ethernet 0/0Ip access-group 100 inAn access list is basic tool to configure for packet filtering. generally all routers support this tool. Above example is configured and tested on cisco router. There are free download is available on internet few examples are Tuneup 1.0, Truxtis, Visnetic. Packet filtering firewall is simple in configuring and freely available on internet it is goodish solution for small business where not frequently complex firewall implementation is required.In our case study implementation of packet filtering is not a flip solution. A simple reason is it is very cumbersome. Example shows that just to stop ip spoofing we need to configure eight commands. Sometime it is difficult to troubleshoot andmanage for network administrator.Application Layer FirewallApplication Layer Firewall is also known a s a proxy host. According to dictionary meaning of proxy is A person authorized to act for another an agent or substitute. Same definition is valid for proxy host in network security. substitute master of ceremonies is a software package prepare on device and act behalf of protected network which allows or denies access across network 5, 7.Figure 3 Proxy Server 4Above figure shows the working of proxy horde. Proxy server works at layer 7 of Open System Inter link upion (OSI) system model 4. It intercepts and established the connection behalf of internal host to the outside network. As shown in figure when inside network is trying to connect outside network, application layer firewall which is install on router is intercept the secession and check the request is valid or not. If it is not valid request it discard the packet and if it is a valid request it repackage the request and send it to outside network as the packet is send by itself. When outside network response the req uest proxy server repackaged the response and sends it back to the original inside network. In some case proxy server block all connection from outside network and allowed only inside network to go outside. The only traffic is allowed from outside is the response from outside network to inside network. In some case both inbound and outbound traffic is allowed but under strict observation 4, 5, 7.ExampleA good example, and the one we probably see the most, is a web proxy. When configured to use a proxy, your web browser contacts the proxy server for each web access instead of going directly to the target server on the internet. The proxy server then turns around and makes the real request of the web server. The proxy server gets the response, and then modificationes it back to you.Another example is proxy server is tibia proxy which is game proxy server. Tibia is a popular multiplayer online computer game hosted on Internet servers. To play Tibia requires establishing a network co nnection to TCP port 7171 on the server. Depending on your network setup and your Internet benefit Provider (ISP), your direct connection to the Tibia server and ability to play the game may be blocked by a network firewall or proxy server. Setting up a Tibia proxy avoids this common connection problem. A Tibia proxy is a special Internet server (separate from the game server) that does not require a port 7171 connection. Instead, the Tibia proxy server will evaluate requests on alternative network ports (such as port 80) that will typically not be certified by firewalls / proxies. The Tibia proxy, in turn, makes its own direct connection to the game server (on port 7171) and gives messages between the Tibia server and your leaf node in real time to allow game play 8.Pros deed of conveyance as an intermediary between outside network and protected network. It prevent direction connection between source and destinationIt is application aware firewall so that it can analyzes appli cation inside the payload abet exploiter train authenticationIt able to log the traffic and can do user level authenticationConsIt is processor intensive so it is slower than packet filteringNeed to configure internal client about proxy serverSometime it does not support all type of application. For example drive Player 2.0 does not supported by proxy server.It is single point failure. Proxy server is install on device so if that device gets compromised then whole security compromised. deferful Packet FilteringFigure 4 Stateful Firewall 4In the mid-1990s, packet filters and proxy servers were the two technologies used to build firewall systems. As the number of applications that needed to pass through firewalls increased, proxy server vendors could not keep up with the development of new proxy servers. On the other hand, packet filtering also could not support the dynamic nature of the many modern applications. Thus, a new technology was born 4, 11.Stateful packet filtering is a combination of packet filtering and application level doorway firewall 11. It contains advantages of both. It is also refer as a application aware firewall. Stateful firewall not only examines IP headway information but also up to application layer information for better inspection. The working of stateful firewall is as follow. When host from inside network send a packet to outside network it check assurance of the network and if it is authorized then it allow the packet outside the network and maintain state table. State table is a table which keep track of the active network connection which is TCP secession or UDP communication passing across it. This is also called as saving of state. When destination network answer to the initial request it compare the response with the information saved in state table to allow or denied the packet 11.Example lake herring Adaptive Security Appliances in short Cisco ASA 9, Cisco PIX firewall, Check Point 10 are example of stateful firewall. ProsIt work at network level and displace level but also at application layerIt is not a processor intensive as proxy serverTemporarily open the outside port so it reduces the possibility of attack that work against static packet filtering.Because of the state table it is faster than application layer gateway shop at almost all the services.ConsIt allows direct connection to inside host once the request to enter the network is granted. An attacker may exploit the vulnerability of that host and poison the network.It required skill knowledge of different type of traffic and attacksNetwork Address TranslationThis is one of the simplest methods to protect inside network. Network Address Translation (NAT) is quite similar to the packet filtering. When it configure on router it translate internal private network to outside public network. It maintain translation table so when reply come from outside to inside it send back to correct host. There are three type of NAT static NAT, dynamic N AT, port address translation (PAT) 12.ProsIt is very simple to configureIt hide private network behind one public IP addressUnlikely proxy server it does not requires any configuration on inside host.ConsIt is difficult to troubleshoot end-to-endNAT cause problem when Virtual Private Network (VPN) is configured equal packet filter firewall it work at network and transport level of OSI model so it translate packet based on ip addressPersonal FirewallThe personal firewall is an application which is install on computer to protect personal computer from different virus and different kind of attack 13. It allow or deny request from computer based on configure policies. Many personal firewall like does intrusion detective work. An example of this type firewall is Host Base Intrusion Prevention (HIPS) which block the communication if it finds any suspicious activity 14.ProsPrompt user for outgoing connectionAllow user to control which application is permitted to connect interne od LANDose auditing for all user of the computerTell user that application is attempting to connect internet and gives information about destination server with which application want to connectIt dose virus scanning automatically every day and remove themConsIt is an application running on host so it gives some load on CPUIf system get affected by malware or spyware, it can modify the firewall cause security issueRecommendationBy looking at different type of firewall and comparing their advantages and drawback we can conclude that stateful firewall is good solution for our scenario. The product like Cisco ASA or Check Point is ideal to guard against different type of attack. They also does intrusion detection and prevention and can virtualized these firewall which save cost of buying extra firewall.