Why Psychology Is Important Essay Example for Free

Why Psychology Is Important EssayPsychology is the study of the human mind and any of its functions. It similarly includes the behavior resulting from any changes in our environment. Psychology is very important to mankind in that it is important in agniseing the world we live in. Psychology economic aids us and allows us to better understand the emotional and behavioral effects of our surroundings. According to Taylor (1988), some(prenominal) prominent researchers believe a healthy mental outlook on the world and what we perceive it to be is very important. Psychology is a mandatory course for so many programs of study because it is so wide used in occupations across the world.Using any number of research methods, a psychologist can apply research to the land of Public Relations in order to point how a demographic will respond to certain things that occur. Not only is psychological science widely used in many professions, but basic elements of psychology affect us as ind ividuals each day. The research that psychologists glean from their affairs benefits all of us through better understanding of how our minds work. This is possible through testing of subject groups and adjusting environmental conditions. With the resulting data, psychologists can improve our lives.While most can speculate about behavior and emotion, psychologists us the scientific method to to a greater extent legitimately look for describe and even explain human behavior. The simple fact that psychology contains so many sub-fields makes it unique. This allows specialized psychologist to concentrate on a more unique(predicate) aspect of the human mind, such as, developmental psychology where researchers observe human mental growth from birth to death (Feldman 2009). A cross-cultural psychologist could be of help in the conflict affecting Syria.A researcher in cross-cultural psychology could shed light on how people in the region fight to the violence and horror that has been occ urring over the past couple of years. Through this, mankind can benefit by improving conditions to ease the locals mentally and emotionally. Through observational psychology, researchers can get a better idea of how people see, and react to the world. This is immensely important as an improved view of the world would increase productivity and overall stress reduction. According to a rigorous survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control, in 2004, 1 in 4 people account having a mental illness.This means that in any family of four, statistically, on person has a mental illness. Because of this statistic, psychological study is important. With psychological specialists, these people can be evaluated and treated giving them a better quality of deportment. Studies included in an APA press release in 2005 suggest that people are not do as happy by success as previously thought. Studies show that it is really happiness that is beginning to engender success, suggesting that employ ees respond well to positive feedback from their work.With this fellowship we can shape society by putting in place emotional and mental buffers in our everyday environment. Psychology is such a widely applied field of the sciences, that many students are required to take a course covering the subject. This is highly effective in fashioning our society more prepared to both deal with everyday stresses and even become capable of making society better through psychological research. There are many fields that directly require a degree in psychology. There are seemingly more degrees that lie orthogonal the social services field that require a grasp of psychology as well.Take, for example, Public Relations specialists. A PR agent is going to take an event that a club or organization is involved in and try to use demographic studies and delicate wording to spin the situation in a positive sounding way. Through test subject research, a psychologist can determine in what fashion to del iver a message or piece of info to the media to come upon a desired result with the public. Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud, did some work in PR (HM Publishers 1986). Bernays believed that all people in PR should understand psychology.He felt that if you understand how and for what reason people did things, you could change their behavior. Also, to be a good communicator, you must understand how people behave. With the huge variety of applications, psychology is crucial to many master fields. Psychology affects all of our lives on an individual level as well as a society. During daily life, an individual whitethorn use methods used in psychology. A leader can reward his followers for creativity. An individual can use methods to motivate oneself. One can improve communication skills by noticing non-verbal signals and utilize tone to reinforce a message.Through attention to personal behavior under low stress situations, a person can determine how they may react under th ose regular conditions. All of these are simple ideas of psychology applied to make one more productive and effective in society. This makes psychology even more crucial to how people live from day to day. The study of our minds and behavior will continue to be an integral part of everyday life as well as professional endeavors. It is important because, through research, improvements can be made in quality of life as well as productivity.Since it is so applicable to ones life it is very important to have a greater understanding of psychology. This way, people will have a better understanding of themselves and each other. A large number of social services require experience in psychology. Just as many professions outside the social services do as well, like public relations. An insight into psychological studies may also render a greater understanding of oneself, making society stronger as a whole. It is for these reasons and more that psychological research will always be important.

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge EssayUpon hearing the story of Vinny Bolzano in the first scene of the play, we are promptly introduced to the aggression of Sicilian justice, and are given a glimpse of events that are to unfold. After Beatrice has told Catherine the story of Vinny Bolzano, Eddie exclaims On his own Uncle , expressing disgust that anyone could possibly do much(prenominal) a thing to a relative under any circumstances. At this point in time it is totally out of Eddies character to go to the in-migration authorities, at this time in the play he would non even think about it, but he is later driven to it by what he feels to be a individual(prenominal) tragedy on an epic scale. This tells us that when Eddie informs the authorities he knows exactly what effect this will have on him he knows of his inevitable fate after word gets out. The Sicilian values of justice are totally separate and exempt from American law. In some shipway it is more lenient it does not condemn Marc o for killing Eddie because of two things firstly, Eddie reported him to the authorities, and secondly, he won in a fair duel. Nevertheless, as we see, its sentences are farthermost harsher.Sicilian justice is not even a harsher version of American law. As we hear from Alfieri at the beginning of the play, in Sicily, from where there fathers came, the law hasnt been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. It is totally separate and in direct opposition. Sicilian justice demands that Italian-Americans help immigrants and pay money for them. American law is exactly the opposite. Alfieri sums up the idea of justice in his opening lines, Oh, there were many here who were justly gunslinger by unjust men.This shows the idea that these gangsters, despite being criminals, shot men justly as far as Sicilian justice goes. Alfieri is the bridge between the Sicilian justice (in so far as he is an Americanised Sicilian, experienced enough to see Eddies fate), and American law (in that he is a lawyer). Moreover, he is a bridge between the two cultures. He acts within the boundary of American law, generally on behalf of the immigrants, who distrust him because he has made the step up into an American job, and and then American money and lifestyle.Due to the range of Alfieris experience, he is also the bridge between the characters and the audience. Alfieris role as a bridge in the play, and the very essence of the play as a clash of cultures is perfectly shown in Alfieris first narration at the very beginning of the script. Firstly, Alfieri introduces the idea of the Sicilian way of life in America, and addresses the issue of Sicilian justice, referring to the 1920s and 30s gangsterism in a tone suggesting the glory days.Still, Alfieri claims that now they are quite civilised, quite American, and that his practice is entirely unromantic and then of course he moves into the story of Eddie Carbone, an congresswoman of how Sicilian ways are still dominant to this ci vilised and American culture. The play A View from the Bridge is about a clash of cultures, or perhaps more about the effects of mixing two cultures into the American cultural melting pot, and the clashes this causes between the cultures.The plot of the play itself is more about the personal tragedy between a parents incestuous love for his daughter, and a girl who is growing up to become a young woman and wants to behave in accordance with her womanhood. This is the subject of the play, rather than the clash of the cultures, this is not to say that the culture difference is not relevant, on the contrary, it is a main theme of the play, but it alone aggravates the personal problem.It confuses Eddies situation, as he is obviously more in favour of Sicilian values, but finds his personal situation with regard to Catherine threatened by Sicilians, and therefore has to resort to using American culture to neutralise the situation. It makes the divide that Catherine has to cross into wom anhood much greater, making it necessary not only to become a woman from her childhood under Sicilian ideas, but also to become a fully, modernised, Americanised, independent woman.In addition, it supplies Eddie with a method of solving his personal problem, if in a rather extreme manner. It makes the consequences of doing so much more dramatic. The personal tragedy suffered is fuelled by great love, which leads to insanity, giving the play the qualities of a Greek tragedy, if not a somewhat contemporary Greek tragedy. Matt King Page 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This scholar written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Macro Environmental Factors Affecting The Industry Marketing Essay

Macro Environmental Factors Affecting The Industry Marketing Essay1.0 IntroductionThis report shall examine Coles Supermarket, Western Australia Based, Australian grocery retail merchant, and its dress in the Australian supermarket industry. Through trial run of Coles internal trading operations it is hoped that a better understanding of Coles s strategy, and subsequent success, can be gathered. Hence recommendations for approaching sustained agonistic advantage can be formulated based on the findings from an examination of the external environmental factors affecting the industry.1.1 Coles SupermarketThe focal grocery retailer of this report is Coles Supermarket, specifically, its aliment and retail grocery business. Coles operate 742 stores across Australia, has taken its total sales to $30 billion in 2010, a rise of 4.2%, and instanter images around 35% of the industry. Hence, Coles is the second place in the market leader, with its leading competitor, Woolworths controll ing 40% of the market (Westfarmer yearbook Report 2010). However, with major environmental changes on the horizon it is debatable if Coles can growth such numbers in future.CUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.png CUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.pngFigure 1, Coles full financial year revenue2008-2010, and Coles Operate stores (Westfarmer Annual Report 2010).2.0 External analysisSignificant trends in macro-environmental dimensions will be discussed, specifically socio-cultural and economic trends and how they will impact Coles profitability in future. The Porters five forces simulation may be utilized to assess the state of the competitive environment, and finally the attractiveness of the industry to Coles in the future shall be examined.2.1 Macro-Environmental factors affecting the IndustrySocio-Cultural Factors angiotensin converting enzyme major affable trend is the increasing consciousness towards health and well-being, reflected in a mo vement towards organic produce and lusty alternatives. This trend offers an opportunity for Coles, as periodly there ar fewer players in the market offering organic foods, and sales of organic foods are scar to rise over the semipermanent (IBIS, 2011). It also constitutes a potential holy terror in that farmers markets and niche supermarkets which specialize in such produce will thrive in the environment.A nonher social trend would be the increasing number of consumers who are time-poor. Consequently, there is a higher demand for time convenience. i.e. the ability to patronize a store when consumers imbibe the time. The ability to provide fulfill this need has been possible by extending in trading hours. In addition, Coles is providing further convenience by dint of expansion of its product lean as much as possible, and get tod new business such as Coles Express.Economic Factors The current economic climate has resulted in lower spending levels, especially with flexible go ods. Hence, consumers are switching to private label brands for cost savings. Subsequently, supermarkets are increasing their private label offerings. This enables them to compete on the basis of price sequence realizing the higher margins. Provision of private labels also enables supermarkets to compete on the basis of pickaxe convenience, i.e. offering a low-cost alternative.2.2 Porters five Forces AnalysisIn this section, the attractiveness/profitability of the Australian supermarket industryin current times shall be assessed. This will be followed by an examination of Coles relative position in express industry.Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is high, as Coles laces many indirect competitors, such as convenience stores, specialist grocery stores, and farmers markets. Evidence suggests these indirect competitors are viable substitutes to Coles and occasion serious threats in the future Convenience stores have also experienced an expansion in product offerings and would he competing directly with supermarkets in the provision of choice convenience and wide product range. With the increasing trend towards healthy alternatives, Farmers markets selling organic produce are also poses a potential future threat. However, the threat posed by specialty stores is perceived to be minimal with the rise of increasingly time-poor consumers.Rivalry amongst Existing Competitors A high degree of rivalry exists in the land is a direct result of the small number of major players in the market and their lack of perceivable differentiation due to the generic news report of the services and products provided. Therefore, competition is primarily based on price, scarce other competitive factors include product choice and store location. Three principal(prenominal) drivers of an increase in future rivalry are the private retailer IGA, Actions and Woolworths which in the leading position.Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining great power of suppliers used to be truly low. With Woolworths and Coles controlling more than 75% of the market (Fenner, 2011), many local Australian producers have an extremely limited selection of intermediaries to choose from (McKinna, 2011).Therefore, in many cases, Coles or Woolworths is the major purchaser, perhaps even the only purchaser, of a producers production. Even major international brands such as Kellogs and Nestle do not dare to brainsick either retailer such is the power of their market-share (Wade, 2002). However, this is spate to change, with the existing of the Action supermarket and the expansion of IGA, along with the Federal Government and The Australian Competition and Consumer Commissions (ACCC) modern shift to lower competition barriers in the Industry (Hewett, 2011). Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers is range to be moderate in future due to a potentially larger selection of intermediaries to consign to.Bargaining Power or Buyers Whilst low, the buying power of consum ers is also set to increase in future. Once again, the aggressive push by the Federal Government and ACCC to lower competition barriers and allow new competitors to enter the market is set to increase consumer choice (Hewett, 2011), consequently increasing consumers bargaining power. elevate driving the increase of consumer bargaining power would be the rise of price comparison websites such as grocery.bestpricedirectory.com.au which enables consumers to compare prices and choose the cheapest alternative. Both factors are set to bring consumers future bargaining to a more moderate level.Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants is very low, and is set to remain unchanged. An insidious confederacy of local zoning laws and leasing agreements with landlords has resulted in an artificial scarcity of grocery store sites (Hewett, 2011). As such, this has deterred many new entrants from entering the market, especially overseas players interested in the Australian grocery industry . This is further aggravated by preferential treatment for Coles and Woolworths by landlords, due to their enormous pulling power in terms of consumer dealings (McKinna, 2011).Furthermore, potential entrants to the Australian grocery market must compete with Coles and Woolworths incredible economics of scales. Thus the investments in infrastructure, and facilities would be massive, and the expertise to manage them all would be specialized and rare. Thus, very few firms have the expertise or resources required for such a significant undertaking, and only a few players such as IGA and Action are able to do so (McKinna, 2011).2.3 Comparison of industry attractiveness for ColesFrom the Porters Five-Forces analysis in the previous section, the Supermarket industry until a few years ago presented moderately high to high attractiveness for Coles, the just about important reason or which was the high barriers to entry and weak bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. Hence profitability w ould be high for Coles at that point of lime. However, future environmental changes are set to change the attractiveness of the industry to Coles to moderate. Hence, Coless profitability is set to decrease from high to moderate in future as well. The main reasons for this would be the increase in bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, along with the greater saturation of firm rivalry with Woolworth, Action and expansion of IGA.CUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.pngFigure 2, Attractiveness and Profitability of Industry to Coles in near futureAs such, the ability to outperform its rivals and introduce its competitive edge rests on Coles resources and capabilities, and more importantly how those resources and capabilities are utilized in the future, when industry attractiveness and profitability has decreased from previous levels.3.0 Internal AnalysisThis section will begin with an assessment of Coless position in the food chain (i.e. extended value system) the fi rm participates in. It will be followed by an examination of the significant functions within Coles Value Chain that delivers the most value to the firm. Finally, Coles most significant resources and capabilities shall be identified and discussed in detail.Coles3.1 Examination of the Food Chain Coles participates in CUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.pngFigure 3, Coles Food ChainFrom the above diagram, it can be observed Coless function in the food chain is to provide producers with a billet to reach end consumers. This is because the producers Coles works with concentrate solely on production, hence those producers require to go-between with retailing expertise and infrastructure.For many of Coles suppliers, Coles is a major buyer, if not the only buyer of their produce. Thus, Coles exerts great influence over many of the small local producers and can state things like farm sizes, crop type, agricultural methods and prices the producers receive, which are based on Coles product and process musical note specifications (wade. 2002).3.2 Value Chain Analysis of ColesColes mission statement specifies how Coles Down Down, Prices Are Down and prize food costs less at Coles. Thus, all the value-creating activities of Coless business are all geared towards delivering the above promises (Westfarmer Annual Report 2010).The three main value-creating functions involved in delivering the firms promises are1. In-Bound Logistics Coles is essentially a retailer. Hence it does not produce the products it sells. Instead, it controls the distribution internet of its products. Within this function there are two significant activities which gift to the firm Procurement and LogisticsCUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.pngFigure 4, In-bound logistics summary (Coles Supplier, 2011).Coles produce goes directly from producers to a national or regional distribution centre, where it is certified for quality whence transported directly to stores. In addition, Coles owns and operates of all the trucks and distribution centers involved in its distribution network. This puts it in a better position to prevent worker strikes and enables greater control in ensuring punctuality of shipments. Moreover, operating the distribution centers (DCs) and trucks in its supply chain puts Coles in a better position ensure optimum distribution efficiency and product quality (Coles Supplier, 2011).2. physical processs This involves two primary activities that ensure customer convenience and value, Quality Assessment and Inventory ManagementCUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.pngFigure 5, Operation Summary (Coles Supplier, 2011).From the time the inventorying arrives at the retail store to when the products are put on display, constant checks are made to detect and remove wrong products. Furthermore, for each stock unit there is a Minimum Presentation Level (M.P.L). Sophisticated Point of Sale (POS) technology keeps track of the number of stock units sold for a particular product, and once stock levels fall beneath the M.P.L, a re-stocking order is dispatched to the relevant distribution centre (Coles Supplier, 2011).In addition, Coles utilizes an advanced forecasting weapons platform to forecast future changes in demand due to environmental factors such as seasonal changes or economic trends.3. Marketing and Sales Two main activities are involved in increasing sales and enabling Coles to compete goodly, In-store Promotions and Organizational DynamismCUsersMuiAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip11clip_image001.pngFigure 6, Marketing and Sale Summary (Coles Supplier, 2011).Coles holds every week specials to boost short-term sales of certain products whereprices of certain items are reduced by a large percent (Coles Supplier, 2011). This is supplemented by the distribution of sales catalogues inform consumers of the weekly specials. Highly effective in boosting short-term sales and inventory turnover, an example would be how Coles would normally sell $2000-$3000 worth of toilet paper per week, but that amount increases to around $8000 during its weekly special (Coles, 2011). A significant capability of Coles would be its ability to keep up with consumer trends and environmental changes, enabling the formulation or new strategies to compete effectively (Coles, 2011). For instance, to keep up with current consumer lifestyles and preferences, Coles introduced its selection of easy to prepare meals under its Coles Quality Food brand in companionship with its monthly online interactive Coles Feed Your family Recipe guide which provides recipe suggestions and nutritional advice for healthy living (Coles, 2011).3.3 Assessment of Coles Significant Resources and CapabilitiesColes adopts an integrated competitive strategy, i.e. it utilizes a conspiracy of both cost leadership and differential elements to compete, with its efficient supply chain to minimize costs, and its brand image to differentiat e itself based on quality. In addition, strategical factors such as minimization of future threats and keeping the firm flexible in wake of environmental changes are also critical to Coles survival. Thus, with the above factors in consideration, Coles three most significant resources and capabilities areHighly Effective Supply Chain Coles efficient distribution network is both a resource and a capability in its in-bound and out-bound logistics. The end of tangible and intangible assets such a technological capabilities and supplier relationships, it is highly valuable as it was the significant cost- savings achieved passim its entire logistics network that enabled Coles to come closer to Woolworths (McKinna, 2011). The level of cost saving benefits provided is non-substitutable by any other resource. It is also difficult o double as the level and scope of the technological capabilities involved is highly specialized and staggering. However, should Coles posses an unfavorable publ ic image or sell products undesirable to consumers, possessing an efficient distribution network would be irrelevant. Thus, by itself an effective supply chain is insufficient as a distinct competency, and must be supported by other competitive advantages.Brand Reputation Coles nature as quality food was built over many years. This was done via positive consumer experiences with its products which can be attributed to its stringent quality assessment procedures throughout its supply chain (Urban, 2007), as well as its Quality Food Cost Less at Coles advertising campaign. Hence, this brand reputation is valuable, as it provides meaningful differentiation to its competitors, and has directly contributed to higher levels of customer satisfaction. It is also non-substitutable, as the benefits provided cannot be matched by any other resource. However, it is neither rare, nor hard to copy, with most of its rivals also claiming to sell fresh and Quality food. More importantly, fresh food and quality products have come to become a basic expectation of consumers. Thus, this reputation is not a distinct competitive advantage rather it is a point of parity that Coles must possess in order to compete.Effective pass off Management Despite recessionary pressures and rising inflationary rates, Coles is still able to achieve growth rates at higher than. This can be attributed to Coles effective top management, in particular CEO John Fletcher (Fenner and Raja. 2011). Further, the relations within the Coles Group top management is a significant factor perceived as enabling Coles to compete effectively with AGI in future and the main competitor such as Woolworths (Fenner. 2011). Thus, the capability of top management in steering Coles through the current economic climate and continuously achieving high growth rates makes it a valuable resource. As such, it is non-substitutable by any other resource, and is hard to copy as it is difficult to obtain capable and effective senior managers. However, it cannot be considered rare as Due to the mature nature of the sector, most of the companies operating in the Australian Grocery Industry also have capable senior management. Therefore, effective top management is not a distinct competitive advantage, but a point of parity that is utilized in conjunction with other factors such as efficient supply chain to enable Coles to outcompete its rivals.4.0 RecommendationThe recommendations presented by this report are classified into short-term and long- term recommendationsShort-term Recommendations In the short-term, Coles should invest more in advertising. More specifically, Coles should create advertisements representing how their Coles Quality range of healthy meals to go fits into consumers everyday routines. This would heighten brand recall of Coles in consumers minds, which increases purchase likelihood.More importantly, by creating advertisements linking Coles to healthy, easy to prepare meals that are convenient ly available at reasonable prices, this would increase the chance of making Coles identical with convenience and healthy consumption, a valuable point of differentiation in a market where Quality food cost less are now points of parity.Long-term Recommendations It is recommended for Coles to focus more on convenience and an enjoyable shopping experience in the long-term. Coles current program to refurbish stores should be supplemented by measures to improve store atmosphere, such as the inclusion of relaxing music and having cheerful, enthusiastic and helpful staff to create an enjoyable shopping experience.More importantly, in the long run it is recommended for Coles to invest in more profitable industries and businesses. As mentioned earlier, the attractiveness and profitability of the Australian supermarket is set to fall in the future. Thus, Coles should focus in new businesses in which sales growth are projected to rise over the long term, such as Coles Express and Coles online shopping.5.0 ConclusionColes Supermarkets business strategy has been analyzed in this report which base in Western Australia. Examination of Coless external environment such as socio-cultural trends as well as the deteriorating economic climate had been conducted to gain understanding of current industry trend. The industry attractiveness was found to have declined in recent times, due to difference factors such as a rise in supplier and buyer bargaining power, greater intensity amongst rivals and higher threats from substitutes.Internal operations it is hoped that a better understanding of Coles s strategy. Coles control of the distribution network of its products helps ensure quality and distribution efficiency. Coles three most valuable resources and capabilities were found to be its highly efficient supply chain, its brand reputation and its effective top-level management. With recommendations for short-term and long term strategies may perhaps ensure sustainability of Coles su permarkets future.

Factors Influencing MNCs Investment Choice in India

Factors Influencing MNCs Investment Choice in IndiaThe Asian economies have been the main focus of global investors for last few eld because of their offshoot nature and the elbow room they facilitate the establishments of new businesses. Within these economies, India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and m some(prenominal) new(prenominal) countries argon included the essence of these countries is that they promote boilersuit using in terms of more and more investments from domestic as healthful as contrary investors for the improvement in their gross domestic product and measuring of living. All of these countries have their own core strengths to attract investors, for China it is their abundant cheap labour resource, for India it is the quality of available talent that has created a mark in the global space in the software, services industries. India possesses iodine of the greatest potential the Democratic government that formulates motley policies to benefit the comm on people of the country. To improve the livelihood, tolerate better facilities for the citizens the GOI is always committed to invest more and more. Therefore all these factors have in truth made India a place upright of opportunities not notwithstanding in the services sector but also in the manufacturing domain. As more private and government funded institutes are coming up with better facilities for schooling and development in the both professional and personal fields, students are getting the feel of the corporate world and the criticalities involved therein.Indian economy has been the major message of attraction for all of the developed nations. More and more MNCs are looking forward to build a long term comprehensive and sustainable attractive with Indian companies to enter the lucrative Indian commercialise. FDI has been one of the major sources of investments in the sunrise industries as well as core industries that need a revamp in terms of innovative practices a nd management policies. The proportion of FDI and stinting growth are positively correlated and combination of both is actually driving the overall GDP of the country. India is poised to be one of the biggest economies, thus it needs more and more collaboration with global organizations that would lead towards more employment that can actually move up the consumption pattern of the citizens to sustain growth trajectory even in time of economic recession. Whether India possesses any geographical lieual advantages or not, or whether MNCs believe that owning the establishments in any foreign location would help them grab the market more quickly these are few issues which would be crumpled in detail.This thesis report bulgelines the factors pertaining to India, those attract foreign companies to invest in India through direct and indirect path and how it has been the core strength of the country to grow depending on the investments made by both domestic as well International busines s houses. Finding bug appear those elements whose impact has been significant in the Indian growth story would be of utmost importance from the purview of this study. Concepts from versatile models have been undertaken to figure the underlying theory and analyze from the point of view of an investor as well as the foreign location of investment.B. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDYThe coverage of the study includes finding out the opportunities and potential hindrances for investment in assorted sectors in India. instantaneously a days India is being compared with China, Russia in terms of their economic growth and also market strength to sustain any kind of global economic disaster and also to slip by moving the wheel of growth. We would analyze the critical scenarios of already present in the economy based on few models and understand the potential of future investments and try to match whether there are any opportunities for even smaller Indian players to snuff it a part of the gro wth story. We would keep a track of the sectors which are very small now but showing a severe promise for investors and how the GOI should take care of the rules and regulations so as to have the entry path very easy. Exports have been Indias major strength and its actually shortening the gap between import and export. That is a very good sign of improvement of overall market sentiments.OBJECTIVES/ PURPOSE OF THE STUDY-To find out the factors which drive various sectors of the Indian economy and analyze the outcomes of investments already made. The project would specifically concentrate on the potential of the country in attracting investors from different geographies. We would use the Dunnings OLI model, Uppsala model, Transaction cost theory etc and many more to find out what drives the foreign MNCs to look for Indian markets. Which are the major domestic player as well as International players those are operating in India presently and which are the pockets or zones that are gi ving them a major boost in their business growth?Also we would understand the market operating challenges faced by them and what are the measures that they implement to overcome those.D. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-We would go through the movements of export goods and how the final products or services have changed its form considering the two different eras pre and jeopardize economic liberalization. We would design a questionnaire and administer it among a particular target group to find out their psychology or their opinion about the fitting direction for the investment portfolio of various organizations and according to them where the growth potential lies and where the country is lacking as compared to other economies. We would implement the concept from different models and find out what are the elements which are the main catalyst behind Indias growth saga.RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESISE1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS-The research would incorporate these questions during the research an d try to analyze from various point of views.Q1. What are the ownership advantages that a MNC can possess?Q2. Whether is it better to own or outsource the operations for a particular foreign location?Q3. What elements form the locational advantages for a foreign country for any investor?Q4. Does Internalization really give an edge over other methods of investments?Q5. Is Internalization a step by step process or it can be achieved directly?Q6. What is the implication of culture/geographical proximity for the case of foreign investments?So these are the roomy areas which would be discussed in this thesis report to understand the driving factors for foreign investments.HYPOTHESIS-The kind of growth potential the Indian market is promising is full of hopes even for the younger generation because it would appropriate job opportunities in a huge volume. There has been birth of a bread of young entrepreneurs who want to make their mark by doing something for their own as well as benefit the overall economy. So the transaction cost theory would be used to analyze the initial set up costs, various commission based charges that any business need to incur. The basic hypothesis would be build upon the fact to find out the several factors those influence foreign investors to choose India as one of their major investment destination.Transaction Cost Theory shows us that any MNC would want to optimize its transaction cost of initiating any business process in any new geography. Uppsala model shows the direction towards an efficient process followed by MNCs bit making the investment decision in a foreign location.H1. Do OLI advantages make a country favourable for investments?H2. Step by step incorporation process makes MNCs more efficient as compared to the direct internalization processH3. Transaction costs are basically sunk costs for a MNCH4. Gaining puzzle of domestic markets facilitates the decision making process for investment in foreign locationH5.Geographical and Cultural factors significantly impact the investment decisionLITERATURE look intoIndias major advantages are its availability of good quality talents hugely required for the software and services industry, cheap labour wages facilitating operational issues at a very lower cost as compared to other developing nations. Its strategic location and the kind of international b array it shares with its neighbouring nations give it an edge over other Asian economies in terms of accessibility of raw materials and markets to export produced goods. The GOI has taken several measures to make investments in India simpler by means of promoting SEZs, STPs with lower tax regime. The kind of growth potential it promises is immense in terms of volume of business as well as value. Being the largest democracy in the world, the laws would actually become more and more citizen friendly and thus leading towards sustainable business environment. Transaction cost theory states that when the internal t ransaction costs are higher(prenominal) than external costs then the company would outsource some of its jobs to other agencies and downsize. And when the reverse is true the organization would grow. Both the situations are understandable from the figure devoted below.(SOURCE http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_costs)The literature review would focus on the following points OLI ADVANTAGES The ownership, locational and Internationalization are the major factors that drive the investment decision for any MNC. India in a way possesses one of the most grave resources the pool of available talent. Geographically also India has an advantage over Russia and many other countries the climatic conditions are also is fitting for any kind of businesses. Many foreign MNCs are entering the Indian market by means of joint venture and many are initiating in the SEZs to get tax benefits.TRANSACTION COSTS HOW TO GET THE MAXIMUM OUT OF IT Transaction costs are generally the cost of particip ating in a market this may vary from market to market as well as category to category of products or services. The bargaining cost is the most important one because it decides the capabilities of the investors, like how well can they manage their channel partners?UPPSALA MODEL This model determines the step by step procedures those are followed by MNCs in order to get the feel of the market. Any organization would not mind to have few orders from foreign clients to find out their own prospect in that market and if they feel that they have the required potential, it may lead to full fledged investments in terms of machinery, labors etc.DATA COLLECTION METHODH1. PRIMARY The aboriginal data would be collected by means of administering the research questionnaire among a specific target group.The target group may be People from various background working in several industries with market knowledge for more than 3 yearsH2. SECONDARY The sources of secondary information would mainly b e journals, magazines.PROPOSED digest OF DATAThe data output from the questionnaire would be analyzed using statistical tools and applying the present market conditions. We would find out the factors those drive the export growth and what the GI needs to perform to attract more investment both from domestic as well as International players.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY-The upshot of the study would provide us with an understanding about the factors those drive the investment decision for any MNC considering the Indian market. Various models would help us to analyze the pros and cons of the market conditions and find out the flexibility, accessibility of the market. More and more foreign MNCs are trying to grab the growing Indian market, because within the next 15-20 years India is poised to become one of the global super powers. And that means it would need overall support from various spheres of the geography manufacturing, agriculture, services etc. So it is better for the MNCs to s tart finding out their core competencies specifically for India and look for suitable options for investments. So from investment choice point of view this report would give us insights that might help any MNC planning to enter the Indian marketLIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY-This report would entail few models that can define the potential of the market it would clearly distinguish between various factors which influence the investment decision. So it would not be possible to consider the strength and weaknesses of every company to find out their core competencies before investment funds it would not encompass the criticalities involved for all the industries in India. But overall it would generate sufficient idea that would guide any investor while choosing the lucrative Indian market.

Supporting Children’s Learning and Development

Supporting Childrens Learning and DevelopmentUnit 4 Supporting Childrens Learning and DevelopmentIdentify each of three set areas and four specific areas of learn. Every tiddler is a unique child Children learn to be forceful and independent through positive relationships Children discover and bring on well in enabling environments and Children develop and discover in different methods and at different rates.Planning Practitioners mustiness work out the individual call for, interests, and stage of make of every child in their care, shoot to use this data to plan a ch wholeenging and pleasant experience for every child in all of the areas of discovering and development. Focus Practitioners working a bulkyside the youngest children are anticipated to focus powerfully on the three heyday areas, which are the basis for successful discovering in the subsidiary four specific areas. The three prime areas imitate the key skills and capacities of all children demand to develop and discover effectively, and come to be prepared for school. It is anticipated that the residuum will shift towards an extra equal focus on all areas of discovering as children produce in assurance and skill inside the three prime areas. Home diction Providers have to acquire reasonable steps to offer opportunities for children to develop and use their residence vernacular in receive and learning, supporting their speech progress at home. Providers have to additionally safeguard that children have adequate opportunities to discover and attain a good average in English language throughout the EYFS, safeguarding children are prepared to benefit from the opportunities obtainable to them when they begin Year 1. Play Each area of learning and progress have to be apply through planned, purposeful play and throughout a mix of adult-led and child-initiated activity.Children discover by managing their throw play, and by taking part in play that is accompanied by adults. There is an ong oing judgement to be made by practitioners concerning the parallelism between activities man time-worn by children, and activities managed or guided by adults. Practitioners must respond to every childs emerging ask and interests, sequential their progress through warm, positive interaction. As children produce, and as their progress permits, it is anticipated that the balance will softly shift towards more activities managed by adults, to aid children prepare for more formal learning, prepared for Year 1. Key characteristics In arranging and accompanying childrens activities, practitioners have to imitate on the different methods that children discover and imitate these in their practice. Three characteristics of competent teaching and discovering are Playing and discovering Active learning Creating and thinking critically. Key person Each child has to be allocated to a key person.Explain how planning can be devised to promote the individual call for of children.Some childre n could truly dislike the perceive of various material be sensitive to this, softly encourage play but take them at their own pace and level of comfort. Have soaked wipes near so that they can be utilized at any time. converse to parents concerning the benefits of messy play and excite its use at home. Permit plenty of periods for these activities. Possessing the activity before lunch will locale pres positive(predicate) on the child and adult during clean up. tie in in ideal that it is OK to become your labour dirty. Individual containers for the material can be of benefit to a child that needs support with boundaries, as a larger container i.e. water tray or sand box can enthuse a withdrawn child to interact through others. Use aged adult sized t-shirts or shirts for youthful children to wear during activities. Roll up sleeves and put on waterproof bibs for babies. Possessing a spare set of clothes is ever so a good back up.Attempt to position the activity near to where the ch ildren can wash their hands. At clean up period, enthuse children to aid have individual fabrics, clearly described storage areas, cleaning line for paintings, dustpan and brush near sand. Planning programmes can additionally create a sense of protection for the children. Planning includes long term face at the vision for the service and short or medium term programme planning looking at the day to day and weekly trial of the service.Planning as a team supports the team in working together and the conception of a sense of ownership. Arranging requires setting aside period on a weekly basis after everyone can attend. It permits workers period to debate observations on the needs and interests of individual children and the group and next how to plan for these. This additionally helps individual staff members to recognise what their role is every single date, thus ensuring a smoother running service.It is vital to study your strategies and their implementation to notify upcoming p lanning. We can advance the progress of thinking and reasoning in young children by providing two plan components arranging and reflection. Both are thoughtful activities that support children to consider what they are doing and what they are learning. They additionally advance a broad range of other academic, sociable and artistic skills. Involve children in arranging and enthuse them to recognise their goals and consider the options for achieving them. For example, they could consider what they will do, whereas they will do it, what materials they will use, who they will do it alongside, how long it will take and whether they will require help. Involve children in reflection and encourage them to go beyond just revealing what theyve done. This helps them become aware of what they well-educated in the procedure, what was interesting, how they feel concerning it and what they can do to build on the experience.When children plan, carry out, and study their own discovering activiti es, their behaviour is more purposeful and they present larger on speech and supplementary intellectual measures.Describe how the practitioner can support childrens learning and development in each area of learning. When preparing environments for children, it is consequential to consider their age and stage of development. We also need to ensure that the experiences and play opportunities offered cover the areas of development outlined in the EYFS. We also need to consider whether the environment meets the needs of individual children. Children develop at different rates. Some children need more challenging activities while others may need a different type of activity or different resources. Observing individual children to see how the engage with the environment will help us to plan appropriately. The practitioner should always make sure that the environment around the child is safe if not this could but the child in hazard, and also should make sure the environment meet each chi ld individual needs. The practitioners should guide the children of being individual and do their own activity. As well as working together with parents and carers practitioners need to recognise that this should be taking place with multi- agencies working together too. Setting should be pointing parents in the directions of other agencies which could be of benefit to them. Multi agency working is different services, agencies, professionals and practitioners who work together to tin services for children and parents. These services are sometimes integrated together to offer a more effective care for young children. Children in the early old age may have a wide range of needs and working together with other professionals can have a positive impact on the childs health, development and learning. Professionals that work together with children and their families can share lots of information.They can agree which ways they may assess and plan for a particular child. Both children and the parents can be involved in any planning this will help the child to reach his full potential. It is also important that confidentiality is maintained at all times. By sharing information and all professionals concerned working together the outcome for the child can only be positive.The arrangement of the environment plays a key role in guiding the behaviour of young children. A poorly arranged physical setting in reality sends messages which may trigger behaviour such as aggressive play, running, or superficial interactions with toys and materials. Altering the physical space and layout of the room can eliminate such challenging behaviours. Observe children closely to determine what messages the physical environment is sending. If it appears that the space suggests undesirable behaviours to children like running indoorsbe willing to modify the arrangement of equipment and furnishings to send a different message.

Blitzkrieg Essay -- essays research papers

     BLITZKRIEG (LIGHTNING WAR)           In the first phase of World state of contendfare II in atomic number 63, Germany sought to avoid a long war. Germanys strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns. Germany quickly overran much of Europe and was victorious for more than two years by relying on a new military tactic called the "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war). Blitzkrieg tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a narrow front. These forces would drive a breach in enemy defenses, permitting armored tank divisions to penetrate rapidly and throw away freely behind enemy lines, causing shock and disorganization among the enemy defenses. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from send reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn encircle opposin g troops and force surrender. Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against Poland (attacked in family 1939), Denmark (April 1940), Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940), France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April 1941), and Greece (April 1941). Germany did not defeat Great Britain, which was protected from German ground attack by the English Channel and the Royal Navy.                                            Despite the continuing war with Great Britain, German forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. At first, the German Blitzkrieg seemed to succeed. Soviet forces were driven back more than 600 miles to the gates of Moscow, with staggering losses. In December 1941, Hitler unilaterally declared war on the United States, which consequently added its tremendous e conomic and military power to the coalition arrayed against him. A hour German offensive against the Soviet Union in 1942 brought German forces in the east to the shores of the Volga River and the city of Stalingrad. However, the Soviet Union launched a counteroffensive in November 1942, trapping and destroying an replete(p) German army at Stalingrad. Germany proved u... ...Germany). Despite the birth of the United Nations, the world remained politically unstable and only slowly recovered from the incalculable physiologic and moral devastation wrought by the largest and most costly war in history. Soldiers and civilians both had suffered in bombings that had wiped out entire cities. Modern methods of warfare unitedly with the attempt of Germany to exterminate entire religious and ethnic groups (particularly the Jews)famines, and epidemics, had brought death to tens of millions and made as many more homeless. The suffering and degradation of the wars victims were of proportions t hat passed the understanding of those who had been spared. The conventions of warfare had been violated on a large scale (see war crimes), and warfare itself was revolutionized by the development and use of nuclear weapons. Political consequences included the reduction of Britain and France to powers of lesser rank, the outgrowth of the Common Market (see European Economic Community European Union), the independence of many former colonies in Asia and Africa, and, perhaps most important, the beginning of the cold war between the Western powers and the Communist-bloc nations.

Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities Essa

Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities (1) ABSTRACT This paper discusses how higher education can suffice us in accomplishing our humanization. It looks at the circumstantial educational theory of Herbert Marcuse, and examines his notion of the dis-alienating power of the aesthetic imagination. In his view, aesthetic education can become the foundation of a re-humanizing critical theory. I interview the epistemological underpinnings of Marcuses educational philosophy and suggest an alternative intellectual framework for interpreting and releasing the emancipatory power of education. Truth is ugly. We possess art lest we perish of the truth.Friedrich Nietzsche, The testament to Power 822 What is the relationship of truth to beauty, learning to art, political education to human flourishing? Philosophers from Confucius and Aristotle to John Dewey and Paulo Freire have investigated, as the axial human fuss, how education is to help us in accomplishing our own humanization. The contemporary search for a genuinely critical theory and an authentically democratic society continues that project. But what can devote theory critical, education liberating, society democratic? It is necessary to theorize our society critically if we are to have a vehicle for correctly informed transformative practice. The problem is that much of what is called critical theory today is rooted in ideas developed by Herbert Marcuse, Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, and Georg Lukacs. What I want to argue here is that their work has tended to fabricate a particular approach to aesthetic educationand a unique version of a philosophical humanismwhich is then presented as critical theoryagainst the debilitating fragmentation ... ...88) Jurgen Habermas, Von Lukacs zu Adorno Rationalisierung amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Verdinglichung, in Theorie des kommunikativen HandelnsBand I (Fft Suhrkamp, 1981). (4) Karl Marx, Das Kapital(Stuttgart Alfred Kroener Verlag, 1 965) p. 52.(5) Aeron Haynie, Imperialism and the Construction of Femininity in Mid-Victorian Fiction(Gainesville University of Florida, Ph.D. dissertation, 1994). (6) Martin Heidegger in Marcuses notes to seminar, Heidegger, Einfuhrung in das akademische Studium. Sommer 1929 Herbert Marcuse Archiv of the Stadt- und Universit. tsbibliothek, Frankfurt, Catalog 0013.01, p. 6.Works Cited1941 RR Reason and Revolution, Hegel and the Rise of well-disposed Theory (BostonBeacon, 1960).1972 CR Counterrevolution and Revolt (Boston Beacon, 1972).1978 AD The Aesthetic Dimension, Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics (Boston Beacon, 1978).