Roman Lnadmarks Essay Example for Free

papistical Lnadmarks EssayThe divides created during the Roman Empire did not only signify Romes culture, save also shown its strong point and technological advances. The Colosseum and the aqueducts show how technologically and economically advance Rome was. Not only this, the Coloseum and many aqueducts run low to show that Romes architecture are not only a feats of engineering but portals to one of histories greatest empires.The Roman aqueducts played a vital role in the empire. They supplied fresh piss for Romes citizens. while some eighteen aqueducts brought fresh water to Romes major(ip) cities. The aqueducts, some of which delivered well over forty million gallons of water per day to a single site, (Fiero, 73). The aqueducts not only brought water, they were technological wonders. The city of Nimes in France had a twenty-five mile long aqueduct. The aqueducts were do realistic by the use of arches. The Romans employed the structural advantages of the arch (the know ledge of which they inherited from the Etruscans) to enclose greater volumes of uninterrupted space than any previously known, ( 73). This made long distance aqueducts possible, thus making a unendingly watered and clean empire.The Colosseum was one Romes greatest architectural achievement in its history. The Colossuem brought enjoyment through violence to the populace. What made it an architectural achievement was the fact such a massive construction was built and well maintained over centuries of abuse. What made this durability and endurance was the invention of concrete. Roman building techniques reveal a combination of practicality and innovation The Romans were the first to use concrete (an aggregate of sand, lime, brick-and-stone rubble, and water), a strong suit that made possible cheap large scale construction, (74).Concretes combination of durability and economics made building a structure of that size (holding up to 50,000 spectators) possible. Not only was it the s tructures size that made it an architectural achievement was that it was well decorated and anatomyed. The ingenious combination of arch and post-and-lintel structural elements in the design of the Colosseum would be widely imitated for centuries, and especially in the Italian Renaissance, (75). The Colosseum itself was decorated with bronze, plaster, marble, and tile, making the Colloseum not only a well-built structure but an aesthetically presentable one. Thus making the Colloseum an architectural icon and crowning landmark in Rome for many years to come.The landmarks in Rome not only show the agency and glory of Rome, but pave the way into the future of architecture. Concrete and arches set forth the building pulley of massive structures that could last for thousands of years. The Colloseum and the aqueducts are not only marvels of engineering, but icons that signify that Rome was once a great empire.Works citedFiero, Gloria K. Landmarks in Humanities 3rd Ed, BostonMcGraw Hil l, 2012. Print

Readiness of Kindergarten Teachers along K-12 Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Readiness of Kindergarten T each(prenominal)ers along K-12 Curriculum EssayOne of the major reforms in our countrys educational system is Republic Act 10157, otherwise known as The Kindergarten nurture equity or the K to12 (K+12). This Law made the Kindergarten compulsory and mandatory entry to basic education. This Law was initiated by the Aquino administration in order to address the perceived decreasing quality of education in the country, and to bump the international standard regarding the number of classs in basic education. This class will make any incoming students to enroll into dickens more long time of basic education. The K+12 musical arrangement will include the Universal kindergarten, 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high instructdays with an spare 2 years for senior high school. The program is implement and formulated along with the committee on Higher Education (CHED) and with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) . The current k-12 model that had been implemented in the country is an educational landscape for basic and thirdhand system patterned after the join States, Canada and some parts of Australia had done it.According to PatriciaVelascos article, the K- 12 Curriculum envisions holistically separateed learners with 21st degree Celsius skills (DepEd Primer, 2011). This further means that e real student would have an understanding of the world around him and a warmness for life-long reading while addressing either students basic learnedness needs learning to learn, the skill of numeracy, literacy, and scientific and technological knowledge applied to daily life (p. 6). The main objective of the K to 12 curriculum is to achieve the DepEds goal of eradicating illiteracy rate in the country. No child is left behind. (source). Every Filipino has the right to receive quality education in order to set about an asset in all dimensions, competent, efficient, effective and productive citizen leading to a decent and comfortable living. The most raise part concerning the K to 12 program is on its practical assistance for the poor but near students. For instance, the student standnot afford to go to college he is given an option or privilege to be employ not as a professional but on technical job because his skills acquired and developed during his elder High School can be a guarantee for hisqualification for a vocational employment.Moreover, the program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to be easily employed. Our country is the still country in Asia and among the countries in the world that has a 10 year pre- university program. The program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. The system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be well-prepared especially in emotional and cognitive aspects. Through this, graduates will be able to fa ce the pressures of their future workplace.The K-12 aims the students to have a relevance or importance in the affable and economic reality of life. The nation of their role as members of the country. Thus, this vision will be screw through an enhanced curriculum. (K-12 Kindergarten Curriculum puff 2013) DepEd said that this is the right time to do something better for the field of education, having poor quality education. The DepEd released their stand along the reform. In stressing the need for the new system of basic education, President Benigno S. Aquino III said, We need to add two years of our basic education.Those who can afford pay up to fourteen yearsof schooling forrader university. Thus, their children are getting to the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding. (source) With the K-12 program, different arguments were formulated. Not all are in favor of th e K+12 Education program.There are students complaining of the additional years and there are parents who are not in favor of the additional expenses. But it is an needful fact that additional years in the education system will really require more budgets not just from the government but from theparents as well. Aside from this, students will need additional classrooms, school supplies and facilities. The program would need more qualified teachers as well.Teachers plays an distinguished role 1 / 3 in the K-12 program because they are the ones who will teach the kindergarten pupils, especially the Pre school teachers. Markovac amp Rogulja, 2009, stated that the, early mete out main goal is to fulfill the Delors principles Learning to be, learning to do, learning to know and learning to live unitedly and to live with others. The early childishness is a time of rapid growth in all aspects ofchildrens development fostered by their pictorial curiosity and adult support.Therefore, Preschool education is the foundation for a childs education. The skills and knowledge that a child develops in the preschool years will have a dramatic impact on a childs success when schematic schooling begins as well as life success. Preschool education is important because it can give your child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. The first year of a childs life is globally acknowledged to be the critical year for long development because the pace of development during these years isextremely rapid (National Council of Educational Research and Training, 2006 as cited in the K to 12 Curriculum Guide Kindergarten). plot children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge and skill set. The Pre school teachers are supposed to have the cour mature and knowledge to teach the l ittle ones. They will serve as the guide and the second mother at school. Childrens learning will greatly depend on the teachers strategies.Hence, kindergarten teachers should provide them with an engaging and creative curriculum that is developmentally appropriate, age appropriate and socio culturally appropriate (DepEd K to 12 Curriculum guide for Kindergaten, 2012). Many new parents send-off hearing about K-12 since before their kids are born. However, they are not very clear about what K12 means, and wherefore is necessary for them to start inform themselves about it as it will impact their kids future. What Is K12 Education? This term was coined to answer for primary and secondary education. This includes kindergarten (K) all the way to the 12 grade.This extremely popular type of education is very common among several countries around the world. K to 12 stands for kindergarten plus 12 years of elementary and secondary education. This educational system for basic and secon dary education is widely adopted around the world. Early childhood education is intended to support and complement family upbringing and the main goal is to create good opportunities and conditions for each childs well-being, create a stimulating environment for the childs comprehensive development and learning while taking into account their age, gender and individual features.The role of early childhood cope and education settings in improving childrens development has begun to be viewed with increasing importance. The recognition that centre-based childcare is associated with a host of positive developmental outcomes for children, such as increased cognitive abilities, language development, and emotional and social development (Kagan amp Neuman, 1997 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early childcare Research Network NICHD, 2000, 2002, 2008 NICHD amp Duncan, 2003), has led to the introduction of a new policy in Ireland that provides every three-year-old c hild with access to a free preschool place for one year (Office of the Minister for Children and Youth personal matters OMCYA, 2009).The importance of preschool learning is that first, parents must remember that preschool education is the foundation for your childs education. As Adams (2008) stressed that early childhood education is the key to building a strong foundation for a childs educational success. The skills and knowledge (not to mention aptitude and attitude) that your child develops in the preschool years will have a dramatic impact on your childs success when formalschooling begins as well as life success, as supported by the House Bill 5367 (2009), aimed to incorporate preschool education to basic education with the DepEd at the term of its implementation all over the country.This bill was in consonance with the states policy to provide equal opportunities for all children to avail themselves of free and compulsory preschool education that effectively promotes physica l, social, intellectual, emotional simulations, let exclusively values formation to adequately prepare them for formal elementary schooling, second is that by activelypromoting and promote your childs preschool learning you will promote his or her self esteem as well.Help your child collect confidence by making learning fun and easy at this age and you will 2 / 3 help make your child an eager lifelong learner and the finally preschool education is important because it can give your child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors when they begin their formal education they will be behind the childrenwho already possess that knowledge and skill set.According to Anita Woolfolk lighter and Megan Tschannen Moran ,(2002), teachers sense of readiness has been related to students outcomes such as achievement (Ross, 1992), motivation, (Mi dgley, Feldlaufer, amp Eccles, 1998) and students own sense of efficacy ( Anderson, Greene, amp Loewen, 1998). DepEd Secretary Armin Luistro stated that enhancing the competencies of pre-school teachers will have a great impact on the new learners. We should ensure that teachers are ready for the challenge of making our young kids first school experience pleasurableand giving them a positive experience that will motivate them to remain in school and complete their education. This means that pre-school teachers are the implementers of the socially defined curriculum objectives. They help children to adapt to the society and to become its members, to develop interaction between children and different generations, and absorb the main behavioral habits and roles of the community. Also their task is to educate children to become unique subjects and persons as they truly are (Dewey, 1916 Ojakangas, 1998 Siljander, 2002) To become preschool teachers one must have the ability to fold wit h pupils ages 5.A preschool teacher needs to be proficient in helping children learn how to cooperate, providing fun learning activities suitable for preschoolers, keeping children safe, working as a team member with other teachers and interacting with parents. Preschool teachers need to be eager participants in childrens growth and development, as well as helping students understand how to use their natural curiosity to help make the appropriate developmental leaps in their skills and abilities. They are expected to create an halo where risks can be taken and discoveries made while children remain safe. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy Essay Example for Free

Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy EssayThe reactive acid chloride can whence be toughened with a primary or secondary amine to induce the amide along with HCl, which reacts with the excess amine to give an alkylammonium chloride salt. The mechanism of this process is shown on the following page in Scheme 22 pic Scheme 2 To carry out this chemical reaction, the setup shown in anatomy 1 go out be assembled. The apparatus must(prenominal) be dry, since thionyl chloride go out react with water to give sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride.The acid chloride will then be cooled to room temporary workererature and dissolved in anhydrous ether. Ice-cold diethylamine will be added as a solution in anhydrous ether to form the amide. The resulting ether assortment will washed with sedimentary sodium hydrated oxide (to invite out any excess acid chloride), then washed with hydrochloric acid (to remove any excess diethylamine).The resulting ether solution of DEET will be desiccated and evaporated to yield the crude product, which will then be purified by column chromatography to afford pure DEET. The percent yield from m-toluic acid will be determined and the product will be analyzed by transmission infrared spectroscopy (IR) as a neat audition using NaCl plates5 to confirm its structure by (1) looking at the major absorptions and comparing them to a correlation table6 and (2) by comparing the spectrum to that of an authentic sample.Thionyl chloride is toxic and corrosive Do not breath the vapors Use in a hood When heating a reaction apparatus, be sure that it is open to the air so that pressure build up and subsequent displume of the apparatus does not occur. When heating liquids, make sure the liquid is stirred (or a boiling bite is added) to prevent bumping. When performing an extraction, make sure to vent the separatory funnel often to prevent pressure build-up. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 was assembled.The 10-mL reaction fl ask was charged with 0. 275 g of m-toluic acid (0. 0020 mol) and 0. 30 mL of thionyl chloride (0. 492 g, 0. 0041 mol). The condenser water was started, and the categorization was gently heated with stirring on an aluminum block (block temp 90 oC) until boiling started. The reaction mixture was then gently boiled for about 15 minutes. after the boiling period was finished, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. 4. 0 mL of anhydrous ether were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. To this solution was added (dropwise over a 15 minute period) a solution of 0. 6 mL of cold (0 oC) diethylamine (0. 462 g, 0. 0063 mol) in 1. 33 mL of anhydrous ether. During the addition, a thick white cloud of diethylamine hydrochloride was formed.After complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 10 minutes. 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL) was then added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 15 minutes at room temperature, then poured into a separatory funnel and allowed to separate. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with an additional portion of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL), followed by a portion of 10% hydrochloric acid (2 mL).The organic layer was washed with water (2 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to yield crude N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as dark brown liquid. The crude product was filtered through a bunco alumina column using hexane as the eluent ( 5 mL). The hexane solution was evaporated to give 0. 340 g of pure N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as a yellow liquid. Reaction of m-toluic acid with thionyl chloride, followed by diethylamine produced 0. 340 g of a yellow liquid the IR spectrum of which unequivocally showed the presence of the amide carbonyl functional group at 1633 cm-1. In addition, absorptions due to aliphatic C-H (2980 2880 cm-1), and remindful C=C (at 1585 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to t his report.These data are consistent with the structure of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), shown in Figure 2 below pic Figure 2 N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) In addition, the IR of the product closely corresponds with that of an authentic sample of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) shown in the lab text. 9 Also, the 1H-NMR shows the presence of four (4) aromatic protons in the region 7. 3 7. 1 ppm, as well as a three (3) proton singlet at 2. 35 ppm, which corresponds to the benzylic methyl radical group. The presence of two ethyl groups is clearly shown by the presence of two quartets which integrate to 2 protons distributively at 3. 53 and 3. 24 ppm, and two triplets which integrate to 3 protons each at 1. 23 and 1. 09 ppm.

Reflective Journal Essay Example for Free

Reflective Journal EssayA mvictimization journal is a way of thinking in a critical and analytical way about your sound in progress. It shows how distinct aspects of your work interconnect.The journal can record where your inspiration comes from how you fudge use of your ideas to develop your work your awareness of the heathen context (setting) in which you work This context implicates other artists work and their ideas the ideas of critics and theorists social, political, aesthetic and ideological contexts. The journal could include research notes personal comments on your own work notes/images from gallery visits quotes extracts from lectures, tutorials, books, journals photos/sketches small and analytical themeCritical writing involves many of the same processes as when reading. So what is Critical reading? To read critically is to make judgements about how a text is written and argued. This is a highly reflective skill requiring you to stand rump from the t ext you are reading. You might have to read a text through once to fasten a basic grasp of content before you launch into an intensive critical reading. These are the keys move intot read only for information (surface approach) do read for clues about views and opinions (deep approach) This means comparing the same issue from different points of view identifying an argument (analysis of ideas/opinions) in the text identifying conclusions and spotting how different people start at different conclusions deciding what you think, based on the evidence available Then, in your own writing look at the subject from different viewpoints show a clear line of reasoning present evidence to support your reasoning be clear what your conclusions areHere are some slipway to help you read critically read beginning and end of text to get an overview colour mandate different viewpoints underline key words, phrases, or sentences write comments in the margins (use stickers if its not your book) bracket cardinal sections of the text show links with lines or arrows number related points in sequenceReflective musical compositionWhat is reflective writing?Reflective writing is evidence of looking back at an event, idea, object, experience, process, etc It involves analysing and commenting on the object, process, etc from different points of view using contemporary ideas and theories exploring and explaining the importance or relevance of the object, process, etc considering things that went wrong as well as successes saying what the object, process, etc means to you saying how your learning will influence the way you workHow to structure reflective writing1 2 Description (dont make this too long) What is it? What happened? Why am I talking about it? Interpretation What is important, relevant, interesting, useful? How is it similar to or different from others? How can it be explored, explained using contemporary theories? Outcome What have I learned from th is? How will it influence my future work?

Some People Prefer Get Up Early Essay Example for Free

Some multitude Prefer Get Up Early EssayI prefer get up wee Some people prefer to get up former(a) in the solar daytimebreak and start the geezerhood work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? in my view, some people want to get up early in the morning and start the days work in the hotel and some get up later in the day and start to work late at night in the night market. I prefer the origin choice due to my status as a student. My cousin Pretty is a receptionist on day shift in the Diamond Hotel.To illustrate, she has to wake herself up at 4 am to cook nutrition for breakfast because she must be at work at 7 am. Moreover, she does not pee much(prenominal) time to watch TV or listen to the radio. She decides to share time between bathing and take for breakfast make-up which is important for people working as receptionists in the hotel. Doing this job has an effect on her sleeping habit. She spends only five hour s getting some sleep which normally takes eight hour on average.My aunt, Ann, is a street vendor who sells many things ranging from beef, pork and vegetables. To be specific, she wakes up at 2 pm to prepare goods ready before the beginning of the night market around 8 pm. Her son helps send goods and put up a selling stall. After midnight, she and her son have to clear away the selling stall for tomorrow. This work causes her to have no time to raise and talk to her son. I study in a school because I have to take care of my dog.In this case, I have much time after work to care for her. I always take her to a park and have a walk and have dinner almost every day. The reason I can do these things is that I have the days school therefore, I have a good opportunity to escape with my dog . Getting up in the morning or later at night is a choice depending on different circumstances. The job is one of the most important indicators influencing your getting up early or late every day. For me, it affects my decision on bringing up my lovely dog.

Care of a Confused Parent

wield of a Conf expenditured P bentI N T R O D U C T I O NThe first FETAC Level 5 Assignment in Care Skills module requires that learners produce an assignment on the care of a mixed-up person. This confusion enkindle be the dissolvent of every number of causes from an illness much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dementia or Alzheimers disease or the long term use or an abuse of drugs and /or alcohol. The assignment moldiness be completed answering in truth specific points (as emergelined in the table of contents). This assignment was compiled utilise various methodologies includingClassroom lectures and feedback sessionsClass notes and Manual, hard copy manuals and booksOne to one sessions with Work Experience Skills perambulatorPrevious life experience of caring for an ill family memberOnline research and library researchFor the resolve of this assignment the author has decided to highlight one particular client who is in the care for phratry in which the author is completin g her work experience module. The clients name has been changed in order to respect her rights to retirement and dignity.The client in this example has been diagnosed with Stage 4 Lung crabby person (T4, N3) which denotes that she suffers from a malignant tumour which has invaded the oesophagus, epicardium, pleural cavity, T5 and T6 vertebrae with Metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph node. She also suffers from osteoarthritis of L2-L5 and S1-S5, Type 2 Diabetes and Psoriasis.She is currently on a variety of medications which are listed in her Care forge, along with creams and ointments for the Psoriasis. Presently she suffers from severe bouts of confusion as a result of her hurt medications and of neces mouldy constant monitoring and care. In conjunction with her family, and a multi-disciplinary team Catherine has decided to move to a Nursing Home where she impart receive the type of holistic care she requires. Catherine has also documented her specific wishes regarding her closing and funeral arrangements and all of which has to be respected by all mired, the details are listed in her Care course of study along with the emergency contact details if her condition should suddenly decline.INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT sign assessment of Catherines destinys using the Logan Roper Tierney model of assessment an individualised, client- amountd holistic approach to Catherines care has been devised.PhysicalCatherine loves the outdoors and she should be encouraged to continue this through gardening pickings her out for walks, especially during spells of confusion. Ensure she has her walking stick and bring the wheelchair as she gets br downhless very easily.Shower quetch and chair must be available in her room and always take care that the non-slip mat is on the ground. When she is rugged she impedes how to wash herself properly and testamenting pauperisation assistant.IntellectualCatherine loves to read and complete quizzes and cross talking to t hese are very good for stimulation and they should be do available to her in her room and in the daylight room.The news and primetime are two of her favourite programs chink that they are on the TV in her room and the day room.Diversional therapy of card games and jigsaws are great for completing when she is confused.EmotionalAs a result of the illness and her pending death Catherine provide become depressed she must be encouraged, made see wanted loved, needed and always try to sustentation her decision to move into the nursing home hearty/SpiritualSocially, Catherine has a lot of friends with whom she plays cards they are going to come visit her once a week to continue this tradition, the other residents should be encouraged to join in also as it will aid integrate her more. Her large family of 8 children and 63 grand-children/great-grand-children/great-great grand-children all visit her when she is at home and will continue to do so. It is amazing the Catherine remember s all their names and dates of birth during spells of confusion though she does tend to forget them a little.Catherine is very religious and attends mass every Sunday when she is well the angelus must be said at 12pm and 6pm and the rosary at 9pm.I D E N T I F Y T H E L E V E L O F A S S I S T A N C E R E Q U I R E DCatherine has very low level needs when she is not confused. She needs help sitting up in the fill out and washstandnot use the remote control as her fingers are very badly damaged from the arthritis and as such will need avail getting out of bed. She cannot manage small buttons when dressing and most age she just wears t-shirts but on Sundays she wishes to wear a blouse going to mass and will need assistance with that. Catherine dose not wear dentures and is on a chopped diet for now, she can manage to use cutlery but prefers to use a spoon. When she is confused she forgets when to eat and sometimes forgets that she has eaten so she will need monitoring when eati ng rather than assistance.MAINTAINING A SAFE ENVIRONMENTDuring confused spells Catherine likes to walk and as such walkways will get down to be completely compliant with the Health and Safety Regulations for care as stick out by the Health and Safety Authority. (HSA.ie, 2014) It would also be a good intervention to ensure that her walking aid is always within arms reach and that her shoes/slippers have natural rubber soles and are well maintained.For showering, the shower stool must be readily available and ensure that the manus rails are well maintained. The toilet in her room has a raised toilet after part and rail which must be cleaned and maintained regularly. Catherine will also use a commode, but when she is confused does not realise where she is when trying to urinate therefore she should be encouraged to go to the bathroom to nourish her dignity.When going on outings with her family Catherines wheelchair must accompany her always and kept well maintained and ensure the wheels are pumped.PROMOTE CLIENT INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL EVENTS AND THERAPIESCatherine likes to play cards therefore she would lie with it as part of the available diversional therapies. The HCA can have table quizzes added to the curriculum of activities by the activities co coordinator and help her participate by writing the answers to the questions and holding the cards when she is confused one to one games such as Patience or Snap are very helpful.Catherine is quite a sociable person and will have loads of visitors they will help to integrate her with the other residents and they play cards, tell stories, Irish bounce and play music some days she wishes not to have any visitors or participate in activities in order to honor her from this depression the HCA could encourage her to attend the card game or maybe say some prayers with her as her strong beliefs will help to alleviate the depression. Catherine has refused to attend the Cuisle Centre in Portlaoise which has numero us activities and therapies available to cancer sufferers. The HCA could bring her more development on the services provided and explain what they are in detail and answer any questions she may have in order to encourage her to attend. They pop the question a Gardening Therapy workshop each week which would really benefit her along with the CranioSacral therapy and Holistic abrade would be beneficial for her also and she should be encouraged to go by bringing her down to the centre and having a talk with other clients that attend. (Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, 2014)MOBILITY INDLUDING FALLS AND ram AREA CAREFALLSThe results from the Morse Falls Assessment in Catherines Care Plan show that on non-confused days she is at low risk, but during spells of confusion she is moderate risk and as such should be encouraged to walk around more during lucid days and be accompany outdoors for short walks if her breathing allows allow her to push the wheelchair for a while will help and support her. The activities co-ordinator has a great curriculum for mobility and Catherine should be encouraged to participate in order to help keep her arms active.PRESURE AREA CAREAs Catherine suffers from Psoriasis she is even more susceptible to pressure sore development. Her fur should be cared for as per her prescribed treatment creams and lotions to be applied daily. At the moment she is fairly wandering(a) and does not remain in the one spot for too long if she suffers bad pain during the day she tends to stay in bed and will need assistance turning and should be encouraged to do so a second HCA may be needed for this as she has had two hip replacements which have to be cared for also a hoist may be needed on occasion. Gel cushions should be used when she is playing cards with friends as she could be in the one position for hours, to break this she should be encouraged to get up and walk around every hour even if for a fewer minut es.EFFECTIVE VERBAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION WITH CLIENT AND HEALTHCARE TEAMCatherine has to attend various appointments for scans and pain medication updates. Any new developments need to be explained in full to her so she can execute an informed decision as to what course of action she wants to pursue. Catherine must be kept informed at all times of any changes in her condition and has requested that she be told first so she can decide whether to tell her family. She has stated during meetings regarding her funeral wishes but may want to change these so ensure any changes are documented.All daily charts are to be kept updated immediately and inform the staff hold of any famed changes in her condition at handover. As her cancer is rapid and fast progressing Catherines condition can and will change on a daily basis therefore intellectual nourishment and fluid charts are vital. At the moment she is normal on the M.U.S.T scale, but as she tends not to eat when in pain this has to be carefully monitored and reported if she is refusing food or fluids.ASSIST CLIENT WITH ACTIVITIES OF free-and-easy LIVINGMobility AssistanceCatherine needs assistance when getting in and out of bed. She can sometimes sit up on her own but during spells of confusion she forgets how to stand up and should be encouraged and support to do it herself as long as possible without the aid of a hoist. She may also need assistance getting in and out of the shower and needs her hair to be washed as she can no longer raise her arms above elbow height.If the weather if favourable Catherine likes to go outside she should be accompanied and ensure her wheelchair is in good working order. Allow her to walk as much as she can pushing the wheelchair but ensure she does not get too stock(a) encourage her to get into the wheelchair and continue until she wishes to return.Catherines pain medication is prescribed by the GP and monitored by the Palliative Care team. She has certain pain killers tha t are available to her without the nurses supervision please record when and what she is taking and report it back to the nurse for monitoring.At the moment Catherine is normal on the M.U.S.T scale and we have to campaign to keep her that way she is on a chopped diet but needs to be monitored as the tumour is pressing on her oesophagus it could cause a choking hazard any noted changes to her swallow must be reported back to the nurse for further investigation by the MDT. When she is confused Catherine needs assistance eating as she forgets how to use the cutlery.PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF THE CLIENT TO DIGNITY, PRIVACY, INDEPENDENCE, POSITIVE SELF computeAs Catherine is very self-conscious about her body every effort must be made to give her as much privacy as possible when dressing and showering. She will need assistance dressing on occasion especially when she is confused as she gets the order of clothing mixed up. The HCA can discuss her wishes with her and come to an arrangeme nt regarding the assistance she requires.Catherine is very independent and likes to take her own medications and feed herself. She has show her wishes numerous times to all her family and multidisciplinary team regarding her funeral wishes and insists that she not be left alone from now on and even when she passes she does not want to be alone until she is buried with her husband.Catherine needs to feel in control of the disease and wants to be informed if there is any changes being made to her medications or if the multidisciplinary team see that she is declining in any way regardless of the news make sure she is kept informed and involved in all decisions it is best practice to inform Catherine first and let her decide when and how much information he and the rest of the family is to be told.BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp//www.upledgerclinic.com/conditions_symptoms.htmlhttp//www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/http//www.ahrq.gov/legacy/research/ltc/fallpxtoolkit/fallpxtool3h.htmhttp//www.clinical oncologyonline.net/article/S0936-6555(08)00451-2/abstracthttp//www.nurse2nurse.ie/Upload/NA6762article.pdfhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059769http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-proREFERENCESCuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, (2014). Therapies Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise. online in stock(predicate) at http//www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/ Accessed 19 Dec. 2014.Knott, D. (2014). End of Life Care Doctor Patient.co.uk. online Patient.co.uk. Available at http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-pro Accessed 15 Dec. 2014.1

The Current Firewall Technology Computer Science Essay

The Current Firewall Technology Computer wisdom EssayCurrently firewall technology as a specialized engineering solution rather than a scientifically based solution. Currently firewall is classified in to lead category softw atomic number 18 system filtering, procurator boniface, and stateful firewall. This penning is main focus on the various casing of firewall available and their pros and cons.Originally computing wrench communicate was figure of speech for data communication to sh are the resources. The sharing of resources was bounded in the midst of universities. Eventually businesses, corporations, g all overnment agencies were begun to use internet. So interlock become vital part of their institution. Computer networking, however, is not without risks as Howard illustrates in his analysis of over 4000 security incidents on the Internet in the midst of 1989 and 1995 1. A neutral approach to network protection draws from some(prenominal) other fields, such as physi cal security, somebodynel security, operations security, communication security, and social mechanisms. 2 According to rendering firewall is a set of mechanisms that can enforce a network domain security policy on communication traffic entering or leaving a network policy domain 3. In simple word firewall is guard point which gives control point of entry or exit from computer or network. It is a first line of defence and it is similarly a contact point of the network. It is real im behaviorant to choose and design firewall to guard at heart network from alfresco feeler.Case Study cipher 1 ABC.Ltd network 6Above figure shows our trip study network . Consider a case where comp all ABC.Ltd want to implement a firewall for their campus design. Comp either whole network is divide in to three parts, inside network, Demilitarized Z champion (DMZ) and right(prenominal) network. Inside network has ip address 10.1.1.0/24. DMZ is further divided in to two sub section one is protected DMZ which has ip address 192.168.11.0/24 and dirty DMZ which is dump emcee whose ip address is 192.168.1.0/24. Dump host is a computer which got nothing important in it. These dump hosts are act as a honey seat which is use to lure attacker so that network security designer know variant type of attack and help them to design security policy. DMZ is a zone where company put their function equal web services, FTP services etc. Company has remote office which uses secure VPN to bind to the main campus network.There are various type of firewall technology which are packet filtering, placeholder boniface and stateful firewall, Network point of reference Translation (NAT),Software firewall. Each firewall has their advantages and disadvantages. Rest portion of this paper is describe pro and cons of different firewall.Packet FilteringThis is one of the simple types of firewall. This firewall is work on OSI point 3 and 4.It filter packet by looking at IP address, TCP/UDP port num ber. It compare the incoming packet against pre define hulk tack together in to the router. After comparing router make decision to cater in or renounce the packet 4. An access argument is used to create rule to make decision. witness shows the working of the packet filtering firewall.Figure 2 Packet Filtering in Router 4ProsThe simplest of the firewall technologies to configure. Only required access list to configure the firewall.Packet filtering capabilities are easily available in many hardware and software routing products, two commercially and they are freely available over the Internet.It is less processor intensifier. Adding a filtering rule to a router produces little or no additional proceeding overhead.It is use for all type of masking program because it operates at the OSI grade 3 (Network) and layer 4 (Transport) layer.Only one router is required to protect entire network.ConsThe packet filter has no legal to identify the authenticity of source. A well trai ned intruder can spoof inside IP address and can fool the firewall as the packet is from inside network.Since filtering rule is configuring manually it add administrative workload. Adding complex rule to the firewall decrease the router performance.In some cases, the filtering is incompatible with certain cachingStrategies comm besides used for performance enhancement.Some policies cannot readily be enforced by normal packet filtering routers.ExampleThe following spokesperson shows how to build basic packet filtering firewallConsider a scenario of company whose inside network is lying in IP address range 10.1.1.0/24. Ethernet 0/1 is inside interface and Ethernet 0/0 is outside interface. To protect against IP spoofing attack following access list policy is configure accession list 100 deny ip 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any logA ccess list 100 deny ip 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 any logAccess list 100 deny ip host 255.255.255.255 any logAccess list 100 permit ip any 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255Interface Ethernet 0/0Ip access-group 100 inAn access list is basic tool to configure for packet filtering. generally all routers support this tool. Above example is configured and tested on cisco router. There are free download is available on internet few examples are Tuneup 1.0, Truxtis, Visnetic. Packet filtering firewall is simple in configuring and freely available on internet it is goodish solution for small business where not frequently complex firewall implementation is required.In our case study implementation of packet filtering is not a flip solution. A simple reason is it is very cumbersome. Example shows that just to stop ip spoofing we need to configure eight commands. Sometime it is difficult to troubleshoot andmanage for network administrator.Application Layer FirewallApplication Layer Firewall is also known a s a proxy host. According to dictionary meaning of proxy is A person authorized to act for another an agent or substitute. Same definition is valid for proxy host in network security. substitute master of ceremonies is a software package prepare on device and act behalf of protected network which allows or denies access across network 5, 7.Figure 3 Proxy Server 4Above figure shows the working of proxy horde. Proxy server works at layer 7 of Open System Inter link upion (OSI) system model 4. It intercepts and established the connection behalf of internal host to the outside network. As shown in figure when inside network is trying to connect outside network, application layer firewall which is install on router is intercept the secession and check the request is valid or not. If it is not valid request it discard the packet and if it is a valid request it repackage the request and send it to outside network as the packet is send by itself. When outside network response the req uest proxy server repackaged the response and sends it back to the original inside network. In some case proxy server block all connection from outside network and allowed only inside network to go outside. The only traffic is allowed from outside is the response from outside network to inside network. In some case both inbound and outbound traffic is allowed but under strict observation 4, 5, 7.ExampleA good example, and the one we probably see the most, is a web proxy. When configured to use a proxy, your web browser contacts the proxy server for each web access instead of going directly to the target server on the internet. The proxy server then turns around and makes the real request of the web server. The proxy server gets the response, and then modificationes it back to you.Another example is proxy server is tibia proxy which is game proxy server. Tibia is a popular multiplayer online computer game hosted on Internet servers. To play Tibia requires establishing a network co nnection to TCP port 7171 on the server. Depending on your network setup and your Internet benefit Provider (ISP), your direct connection to the Tibia server and ability to play the game may be blocked by a network firewall or proxy server. Setting up a Tibia proxy avoids this common connection problem. A Tibia proxy is a special Internet server (separate from the game server) that does not require a port 7171 connection. Instead, the Tibia proxy server will evaluate requests on alternative network ports (such as port 80) that will typically not be certified by firewalls / proxies. The Tibia proxy, in turn, makes its own direct connection to the game server (on port 7171) and gives messages between the Tibia server and your leaf node in real time to allow game play 8.Pros deed of conveyance as an intermediary between outside network and protected network. It prevent direction connection between source and destinationIt is application aware firewall so that it can analyzes appli cation inside the payload abet exploiter train authenticationIt able to log the traffic and can do user level authenticationConsIt is processor intensive so it is slower than packet filteringNeed to configure internal client about proxy serverSometime it does not support all type of application. For example drive Player 2.0 does not supported by proxy server.It is single point failure. Proxy server is install on device so if that device gets compromised then whole security compromised. deferful Packet FilteringFigure 4 Stateful Firewall 4In the mid-1990s, packet filters and proxy servers were the two technologies used to build firewall systems. As the number of applications that needed to pass through firewalls increased, proxy server vendors could not keep up with the development of new proxy servers. On the other hand, packet filtering also could not support the dynamic nature of the many modern applications. Thus, a new technology was born 4, 11.Stateful packet filtering is a combination of packet filtering and application level doorway firewall 11. It contains advantages of both. It is also refer as a application aware firewall. Stateful firewall not only examines IP headway information but also up to application layer information for better inspection. The working of stateful firewall is as follow. When host from inside network send a packet to outside network it check assurance of the network and if it is authorized then it allow the packet outside the network and maintain state table. State table is a table which keep track of the active network connection which is TCP secession or UDP communication passing across it. This is also called as saving of state. When destination network answer to the initial request it compare the response with the information saved in state table to allow or denied the packet 11.Example lake herring Adaptive Security Appliances in short Cisco ASA 9, Cisco PIX firewall, Check Point 10 are example of stateful firewall. ProsIt work at network level and displace level but also at application layerIt is not a processor intensive as proxy serverTemporarily open the outside port so it reduces the possibility of attack that work against static packet filtering.Because of the state table it is faster than application layer gateway shop at almost all the services.ConsIt allows direct connection to inside host once the request to enter the network is granted. An attacker may exploit the vulnerability of that host and poison the network.It required skill knowledge of different type of traffic and attacksNetwork Address TranslationThis is one of the simplest methods to protect inside network. Network Address Translation (NAT) is quite similar to the packet filtering. When it configure on router it translate internal private network to outside public network. It maintain translation table so when reply come from outside to inside it send back to correct host. There are three type of NAT static NAT, dynamic N AT, port address translation (PAT) 12.ProsIt is very simple to configureIt hide private network behind one public IP addressUnlikely proxy server it does not requires any configuration on inside host.ConsIt is difficult to troubleshoot end-to-endNAT cause problem when Virtual Private Network (VPN) is configured equal packet filter firewall it work at network and transport level of OSI model so it translate packet based on ip addressPersonal FirewallThe personal firewall is an application which is install on computer to protect personal computer from different virus and different kind of attack 13. It allow or deny request from computer based on configure policies. Many personal firewall like does intrusion detective work. An example of this type firewall is Host Base Intrusion Prevention (HIPS) which block the communication if it finds any suspicious activity 14.ProsPrompt user for outgoing connectionAllow user to control which application is permitted to connect interne od LANDose auditing for all user of the computerTell user that application is attempting to connect internet and gives information about destination server with which application want to connectIt dose virus scanning automatically every day and remove themConsIt is an application running on host so it gives some load on CPUIf system get affected by malware or spyware, it can modify the firewall cause security issueRecommendationBy looking at different type of firewall and comparing their advantages and drawback we can conclude that stateful firewall is good solution for our scenario. The product like Cisco ASA or Check Point is ideal to guard against different type of attack. They also does intrusion detection and prevention and can virtualized these firewall which save cost of buying extra firewall.